漢英翻譯中的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換(通訊員供稿) [ 2006-10-10 08:38 ]
資料來源:《英語筆譯實務》3級 外文出版社
在漢英翻譯中可進行各種詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換,例如:
漢語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語名詞、形容詞、介詞;漢語形容詞或副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語名詞;漢語名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語動詞等等。其中,漢語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語抽象名詞尤為普遍。高校常用的翻譯教材,如張培基、呂瑞昌、馮慶華等編撰的翻譯教材均將這種轉(zhuǎn)換列在第一位。請看以下各例:
例1.
中國政府承諾不對無核國家使用核武器。
如不注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,譯文可能是: The Chinese
government undertakes not to use (that it will not use) nuclear weapons against
non-nuclear countries. 這種譯文顯得有些口語化,不夠莊重。不如改用抽象名詞non-use: The Chinese
government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries.
例2. 禁止任何叛國、分裂國家、煽動叛亂及竊取國家機密的行為。
譯文一:To prohibit any act of treason, acts to split the country, incite
rebellion and steal secrets. 譯文二:To prohibit any act of treason, secession,
sedition and theft of state secrets.
以上譯文一使用 split , incite, steal
等動詞雖然語義正確,但似乎不夠莊重。譯文二使用抽象名詞,因而顯得文字嚴謹,適合正式法律條文的風格。
例3.
技術引進合同應當訂明下列事項:引進技術的保密義務,改進技術的歸屬和分享。
譯文一:Provisions on the obligation to keep confidential the imported
technology, and ownership of the right to copy any improvements made to the
technology. 譯文二:Provisions on the confidentiality obligation as regards the
imported technology, and ownership of the right to copy any improvements made to
the technology.
對于"保密"這一動作譯文一使用相應的動詞 keeping
confidential,顯得過于口語化。譯文二轉(zhuǎn)用英語抽象名詞confidentiality,在法律文件中顯得較為得體。
例4. 這次十三屆八中全會開得好。
譯文一:The recent Eighth Plenary Session of the Thirteen Central Committee was a
successful meeting. 譯文二:The recent Eighth Plenary Session of the 13th CPC
Central Committee was a success.
會"開得好"很少有人直譯為動詞 was well conducted。 以上譯文一使用具體名詞 a successful meeting
比較常見;譯文二則將其濃縮為一個名詞 success,更為簡練。
(華南師范大學外國語言文化學院通訊員鄭世炳供稿)
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