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BBC Learning English 英語教學

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Affluent, rich and wealthy 都表示 “富有的” 區別是什么?

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聽眾 Riley 想知道形容詞 “affluent、rich” 和 “wealthy” 之間的差別。它們都有 “擁有大量金錢” 的意思,但用法不同。其中,哪個詞相對更正式?哪個詞強調 “擁有大量的財產或貴重物品”?怎么用 “rich” 指 “(食物)富含…”?本期節目講解這三個近義詞的用法。

歡迎你加入并和我們一起討論英語學習的方方面面。請通過微博 “BBC英語教學” 或郵件與我們取得聯系。我們的郵箱地址是 questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

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(關于臺詞的備注: 請注意這不是廣播節目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現錄制、編輯過程中對節目做出的改變。)

Jiaying
Hello! This is Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Jiaying.

Sam
And I'm Sam. Welcome!

Jiaying
本期節目的問題來自 Riley,問題是這樣的:

Question
你好,想知道關于 “affluent、rich” 和 “wealthy” 的差別。它們都有 “富有的” 意思,但具體差在哪?

Sam
Thank you for your very interesting question, Riley. When they are adjectives, they all simply mean 'having a lot of money or things' but there is a slight difference between how we use them.

Jiaying
是的。先來看三個詞的正式程度:一般來說,“affluent” 在三個詞中算是較為正式的,所以在日常交流中并不常用;形容詞 “wealthy” 的正式程度居中;而形容詞 “rich” 是最通俗的,也是最常用的一個。

Sam
But Riley asked for a detailed answer, so let's look at each word more closely now, starting with 'affluent'.

Jiaying
“Affluent” 的意思是 “富有的”。它可以用來談論單個的人,但它特別用來指一組人,如一個國家、一個地區、一個社區的居民是 “富有的”。比如:“an affluent neighbourhood(一個富裕的社區)”。

Sam
Let's hear some examples now, and notice the nouns that 'affluent' is describing in each sentence.

Jiaying
請聽三個例句。注意聽例句中 “affluent” 修飾的名詞。

Examples
My aunt and uncle just moved to a very affluent neighbourhood – there are lots of big houses with fountains.
(我的姑姑和姑父剛搬到一個非常富裕的社區,那里有很多裝了噴泉的大房子。)

Education levels tend to be higher in more affluent countries.
(富裕國家的教育水平往往更高。)

This used to be a very affluent area, but it's changed in the past few years.
(這里曾是一個非常富裕的地區,但在過去幾年發生了變化。)

Sam
So, you will often hear 'affluent' used with nouns like 'nation', 'country', 'society', 'area' or 'neighbourhood'. And because it's a little more formal, we tend to see this word more in newspapers or academic writing.

Jiaying
沒錯,由于形容詞 “affluent” 和其它兩個詞相比更正式,所以更常出現在報刊文章或學術寫作中。

接著,來看形容詞 “wealthy”。“Wealthy” 同樣有 “富有的” 意思,但它強調 “擁有大量的財產或貴重物品”。

Sam
Exactly! If you're 'wealthy', you don't just have a lot of money, you also have a lot of valuable things, like property, jewellery, cars, art, etc.

Jiaying
形容詞 “wealthy” 所指的 “富有的” 不僅是 “有錢的”,還是 “擁有大量貴重物品的,如房產、珠寶、汽車、藝術品等”。Sam,我們是只能用 “wealthy” 來形容人是 “富有的” 嗎?

Sam
Ah, good question, Jiaying. No, we can use 'wealthy' for individuals, but also for groups of people, organisations, countries… Let's listen to some examples now.

Examples
Mina is a very wealthy entrepreneur. She runs two successful businesses!
(米娜是一位非常富有的企業家。她經營著兩家成功的企業?。?/p>

The country has become wealthy thanks to its growing economy.
(該國因經濟增長而變得富有。)

I didn't realise how wealthy Rupert was until he invited me to his family home.
(直到魯伯特邀請我去他家做客,我才意識到他是多么富有。)

Jiaying
所以,形容詞 “wealthy” 不僅可以用來形容人是 “富有的”,還可以用來形容一組人、機構或國家是 “富有的”。

下面,我們來看 “rich”。它的基本含義是 “有錢的”,指人 “有充裕的錢來滿足自己的需求或欲望”。形容詞 “rich” 可以形容個人、群體、組織、企業甚至國家是 “有錢的,富裕的”。

Sam
Yes! Basically, you can use it with anything! But if you're talking about someone 'becoming rich', you can also say 'get rich'.

Jiaying
包含形容詞 “rich” 的常用搭配是 “become rich” 和 “get rich(變得有錢,致富)”。聽兩個例句。

Examples
Do you know how Miles made his money? He got rich through clever investing.
(你知道邁爾斯是怎么賺錢的嗎?他是通過聰明的投資致富的。)

Switzerland is one of the richest countries in the world.
(瑞士是世界上最富有的國家之一。)

Jiaying
在上面的兩個例句中,形容詞 “rich” 的意思都是 “有錢的”。

但在形容某物時,“rich” 的意思是 “富含…的” 。

Sam
Yes, such as coal, oil, or precious metals. And we can also use this meaning when something contains anything good or useful. Like when we talk about nutrients in food, for example, 'vitamins'.

Jiaying
比如:“(富含維生素)rich in vitamins”。注意,要用介詞 “in”——“rich in something”。聽兩個例句。

Examples
The northern regions of the country are rich in copper and minerals.
(該國北部地區盛產銅和礦產。)

Orange juice is rich in vitamin C.
(橙汁富含維生素 C。)

Jiaying
好了,我們希望大家通過這期節目中的講解對 “affluent”、“wealthy” 和 “rich” 之間的區別有了更深的理解。

Sam
Yes, and thank you again for the very useful question. Don't forget that anyone listening can send in their questions, too!

Jiaying
我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學”。你也可以發郵件給我們,郵箱地址是:questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk 謝謝收聽 “你問我答” 節目。我是佳瑩。我們下次再會!

Sam
Until next time, bye-bye.

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