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BBC Learning English 英語教學(xué)
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你問我答

辨析表示“得到”的三個動詞:gain, obtain, earn

內(nèi)容簡介

一位網(wǎng)友想知道動詞 “gain”、“obtain” 和 “earn” 之間的區(qū)別,因?yàn)樗鼈兌加?“獲得,得到” 的意思。想?yún)^(qū)分這三個詞的用法,首先要知道它們能與哪些名詞搭配使用。思考一下:在它們?nèi)齻€當(dāng)中,哪個詞最常用與名詞 “experience” 搭配,表示 “獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)”?在正式的書面文字中,應(yīng)用哪個詞表示 “獲得(官方授權(quán))”?聽節(jié)目。

文字稿

(關(guān)于臺詞的備注:請注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過程中對節(jié)目做出的改變。)

Jiaying
大家好!歡迎收聽 BBC英語教學(xué)的 “你問我答” 節(jié)目。I'm Jiaying.

Beth
And I'm Beth. Welcome.

Jiaying
本期節(jié)目的問題來自一位網(wǎng)友,問題是這樣的:

Question
單詞 “gain”、“obtain” 和 “earn” 有什么區(qū)別呢?我看到一道題:Though l am a new worker in this office, I have _____ some experience. 請問該選哪個呢?我主要是疑惑 “gain” 和 “obtain”。

Jiaying
“Gain”、“obtain” 和 “earn” 都可以作動詞使用,表示 “得到,獲得” 一樣?xùn)|西。

Beth
Though they all have a similar meaning, it's important to know which words commonly appear next to these verbs. That's how you can know which one to use.

Jiaying
That's right. 想?yún)^(qū)分這三個詞的用法,關(guān)鍵需要記住它們多與哪些名詞搭配使用,從而更好地判斷應(yīng)該使用哪個動詞來表達(dá) “得到” 特定的事物。

Beth
'Gain' is used with many nouns. It's semi-formal, so can be used in many situations, often positive.

Jiaying
是的,動詞 “gain” 表示 “逐漸地獲得、贏得一樣?xùn)|西”,尤其是好的或有用的東西,它的正式程度居中。比如:“gain experience(積累經(jīng)驗(yàn))”、“gain access(獲取權(quán)限或機(jī)會)”、“gain acceptance(得到認(rèn)可)”、“gain support(獲得支持)”、“gain confidence(樹立自信)”。聽兩個例句。

Examples
I hope to gain enough experience in this job that will lead to a promotion.
(我希望能在這份工作中獲得足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn),從而獲得晉升。)

Despite being the youngest, he hoped to gain acceptance from his new colleagues.
(雖然他是團(tuán)隊(duì)中最年輕的,但他希望得到新同事們的認(rèn)可。)

Jiaying
了解了 “gain” 的這個用法,就不難看出,問題中句子的空白處應(yīng)該填 “gain” 的過去分詞 “gained(獲得了)”:Though l am a new worker in this office, I have gained some experience.(雖然我是這個辦公室里的新員工,但我已經(jīng)積累了一些經(jīng)驗(yàn))。

Beth
Let's look at 'obtain'. This is frequently used in formal situations and is therefore commonly used with formal nouns, often related to something official.

Jiaying
沒錯,動詞 “obtain” 的意思也是 “獲得”,但它多用于正式場合中,后面接的名詞也相對正式,所以可能會出現(xiàn)在書面文字中,強(qiáng)調(diào) “獲得來自官方的授權(quán)或許可”。此外,“obtain” 的后面還可以接表示一樣實(shí)物的名詞,比如 “l(fā)etter(信件)” 和 “certificate(證書)”。聽兩個例句。

Examples
We were unable to obtain authorisation for this transaction.
(我們無法獲得這筆交易的授權(quán)。)

Graduates can obtain their certificates from 10am this morning.
(畢業(yè)生可以從今天上午10點(diǎn)起領(lǐng)取證書。)

Beth
'Earn' is commonly used in relation to getting something you deserve, particularly money or benefits for work you do. For example, you can 'earn a salary', 'earn interest' and 'earn respect'.

Jiaying
動詞 “earn” 更常用來表示 “賺錢”。比如:“earn a salary(掙工資)”、“earn interest(賺取利息)”。此外,“earn” 還可以表示 “(因品德良好或做了好事而)贏得、博得”。比如:“earn respect(獲得尊重)”。聽兩個例句。

Examples
She earns quite a bit more money in her new job.
(她的新工作掙的錢要比以前多很多。)

He earned a lot of respect when he volunteered to help clean up.
(他志愿幫忙打掃衛(wèi)生后贏得了他人的尊重。)

Beth
So, there we have 'gain', 'obtain' and 'earn'. OK, Jiaying. Let's summarise.

Jiaying
好的。歸納一下:動詞 “gain(逐漸地獲得)” 后面常接有積極含義的名詞,它的正式程度居中。動詞 “obtain” 的意思也是 “獲得”,但它多出現(xiàn)在正式的書面文字中,強(qiáng)調(diào) “獲得官方的許可或授權(quán)”;動詞 “earn” 則更常用來表示 “賺錢”,還可以表示 “(因品德良好或做了好事而)贏得,博得”。

Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Jiaying
你也可以通過微博向我們提問。我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學(xué)”。Bye, everyone.

Beth
Bye!

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