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BBC Learning English 英語教學
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你問我答

用形容詞nextfollowingsubsequent表示下一個的

內容簡介

一位聽眾來信詢問 “following”、“next” 和 “subsequent” 是否都可以用來表示 “下一個的”。如要表達 “從現在算起的下一周,下一年”,應該用這三個形容詞中的哪一個?本期節目介紹形容詞 “following”、“next” 和 “subsequent” 用來表示 “接下來的,隨后的” 時的區別。

文字稿

(關于臺詞的備注:請注意這不是廣播節目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現錄制、編輯過程中對節目做出的改變。)

Jiaying
大家好!歡迎收聽 BBC英語教學的 “你問我答” 節目。I'm Jiaying.

Beth
And I'm Beth. This week we are answering this question:

Question
請問老師:“next”、“following” 和 “subsequent” 是同義詞嗎?表示 “下一個的”?

Jiaying
謝謝這位聽眾發來的問題。本期節目重點對比分析 “next”、“following” 和 “subsequent” 作形容詞表示 “接下來的,隨后的” 時候有什么區別。

Beth
Let's look at 'next'. 'Next' is used in speaking and writing, in everyday English, and in more formal and academic English.

Jiaying
形容詞 “next(下一個的,緊接著的)” 無論是在口語還是在寫作中都很常用,是這三個單詞中適用范圍最廣的一個。“Next” 多和表示時間的單詞連用。如果 “next + 時間詞” 的搭配前面不加定冠詞 “the”,那么表示的時間點一定是從現在說話時開始計算,比如 “next time”、 “next week” 和 “next year” 指的是從現在這一刻開始的 “下次”、“下周” 和 “明年”。請聽例句。

Examples
Next time you have a problem, call me.
(下次你要是遇到了麻煩,打電話聯系我。)

I can't come to choir tonight, but I'll be there next week.
(我今晚沒法來參加合唱了,但我下周會來的。)

Beth
'Next' can be used with other nouns, such as 'street' and 'step'. And it can be used for people who replace others, such as when someone gets a new job.

Jiaying
“Next(下一個的)” 也可以用在其它名詞前面,比如 “next street(下一條街)、“next step(下一步)”。“Next” 還可以用在描述人的職務或頭銜的名詞前,來表示 “下一任的”。請聽兩個例句。

Examples
The pharmacy? Take the next street on the left and you'll see it.
(藥店嗎?在下一個路口左轉那條街上,到那里你就看到了。)

Now that she's leaving, I wonder who the next CEO will be.
(她要離職了,不知道下一任首席執行官會是誰。)

Beth
Now let's look at 'following'. Unlike 'next', 'following' is often more formal. It may be used in speaking, especially with people you don't know, and is commonly used in writing.

Jiaying
形容詞 “following” 也可以表示 “下一個的,接下來的”,不過它比 “next” 更正式,你可能會在報道文章、文學作品或電子郵件中看到這個詞。

Beth
With time words like these, 'following' is used with 'the' and the meaning can relate to the past, present or future.

Jiaying
沒錯。“Following” 也多與 “morning(早晨)”、“day(天)”、“year(年)” 等表示時間的詞連用,但 “following” 的前面需加定冠詞 “the”。“The following + 時間詞” 的搭配的含義需視上下文而定。比如,搭配 “the following week” 用在不同的句子中,可能表示 “從現在開始算的下一周”,也可能是 “三周后某一個時間點開始算的下一周”,還可能是 “從一年前某個時間點來看的下一周”。請聽例句。

Examples
An appointment was scheduled for the following day.
(我們見面的時間被安排在了轉天。)

He was due to appear in court the following month.
(他本應于之后的那個月出庭。)

Jiaying
補充一點,形容詞 “following” 還可以用來引出名單列表里的內容,表示 “接下來提及的”。聽一個例句。

Example
Will the following students please stand up – Jane, Paula, George and Rachel.
(下面叫到的這幾位學生請起立:簡、寶拉、喬治、瑞秋。)

Beth
Now, let's look at 'subsequent'. This also means 'next' but is much more formal and is more often used in written than spoken English.

Jiaying
形容詞 “subsequent” 可以表示 “后續的,接下來的”。相較于 “next” 和 “following”, “subsequent” 更為正式,多見于報道文章、文學作品等書面語中。

Beth
Unlike 'following', however, it can be used in a lot of different situations. Here are some examples.

Examples
For the payment terms, please refer to the subsequent clauses of the contract.
(付款條件參見合同后續條款。)

There was a new book cover in subsequent editions of the novel.
(這本小說的后續版本使用了新的封面。)

Jiaying
補充一點,形容詞 “subsequent” 后常跟介詞 “to” —— “subsequent to something” 表示 “在…之后”。請聽例句。

Examples
Subsequent to arriving in New York, the couple had found a flat.
(抵達紐約后,這對夫婦就找到了一套公寓。)

The artist received many new commissions subsequent to her first exhibition.
(在這位藝術家舉辦了首個展覽后,許多人委托她進行創作。)

Beth
So, although they are quite similar, these three words are not used in exactly the same way. Let's summarise, Jiaying.

Jiaying
總結一下,要表示 “下一個的”,形容詞 “next” 在口語中最常用。形容詞 “following” 相對更正式,更常見于書面語中。這兩個詞都常出現在表示時間的單詞前,比如 “next week” 和 “the following week” 的意思都是 “下周”。但要注意的是,“next week” 一定表示 “從現在開始算的下周”,而 “the following week” 具體指的是從哪個時間點開始算的 “下周” 則要視談話的上下文而定。最后,形容詞 “subsequent” 用來表示 “后續的”,這個詞多見于正式的書面語中。

Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Jiaying
你也可以通過微博向我們提問。我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學”。Bye, everyone.

Beth
Bye!

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