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BBC Learning English 英語教學
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你問我答

“Sad” 的近義詞有哪些?

內容簡介

形容詞 “sorrowful、miserable、gloomy” 和 “depressing” 都是 “sad” 的近義詞,表示 “傷心的”。在描述一個人的悲傷之情時,它們與形容詞 “sad” 的區別是什么?能否互換使用?本期 “你問我答” 節目舉例講解這組近義詞的用法。

文字稿

(關于臺詞的備注: 請注意這不是廣播節目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現錄制、編輯過程中對節目做出的改變。)

Jiaying
大家好,歡迎收聽 BBC英語教學的 “你問我答” 節目。With me, Jiaying.

Georgie
And me, Georgie. One of our listeners has asked us a question:

Question
I want to know the nuance between 'sad', 'sorrowful', 'miserable', 'gloomy' and 'depressing'. Are the words interchangeable?

Georgie
Jiaying, the weather today is miserable, isn't it? It's pouring with rain, and the clouds are making the sky really dark and gloomy.

Jiaying
I know, it's really depressing. 本期節目問題中的詞語都是 “sad(傷心的,難過的)” 的近義詞,而且它們的含義都和 “一個人的消極感受” 有關。其中,有一些還可以用來描述 “天氣狀況是糟糕的”。

Georgie
Let's start with 'sad'. It's the most common and versatile adjective and can cover a spectrum of unhappiness, from mild to deep sadness. It can describe the human feeling, or something that causes the human feeling, like sad news.

Jiaying
沒錯,形容詞 “sad” 是問題中提到的五個詞語當中最常用且涵蓋范圍最廣的一個。它可以用來描述不同程度的 “悲傷”,包括 “有點難過的” 和 “悲痛欲絕的”。此外,形容詞 “sad” 還可以用來描述 “一樣東西或一件事情是讓人感到難過的,凄慘的”。來聽兩個例句。

Examples
The end of the movie made him feel sad.
(這部電影的結局使他感到悲傷。)

The movie had a sad ending.
(這部電影有一個悲傷的結局。)

Jiaying
接下來看一看形容詞 “sorrowful”。“Sorrowful” 的意思是 “悲痛的”,它來自名詞 “sorrow(悲痛)”。這種情感很可能是因經歷了悲劇性的事件而產生的。

Georgie
It has a poetic feel to it and is more common in written English than spoken English. It's also more common in its noun form 'sorrow'. We could say someone is 'full of sorrow' or has 'a deep sorrow' after a loss.

Jiaying
是的,“sorrowful” 和 “sorrow” 聽起來比較有詩意,在英語書面語中要比在口語中更常見。名詞 “sorrow” 的使用頻率要高于它的形容詞 “sorrowful” 的使用頻率。如果某個人失去了一個重要的人,我們就可以使用搭配 “full of sorrow(充滿了悲傷的,滿懷憂傷的)” 或 “a deep sorrow(深切的悲痛)”。來聽兩個使用了 “sorrowful” 和 “sorrow” 的例句。

Examples
The funeral had a sorrowful atmosphere.
(葬禮的氣氛沉痛。)

The old man's eyes reflected a lifetime of sorrow and loss.
(老人的雙眼里盡顯其一生的悲傷和失落。)

Jiaying
下面,我們說一說 “depressing”。我們先來區分一下形容詞 “depressing” 和 “depressed” 之間的區別。“Depressing” 的意思是 “一件事情是令人沮喪的,使人感到消沉的”,而形容詞 “depressed” 則用來描述 “人的感受是抑郁的,極為沮喪的,消沉的”。

Georgie
These adjectives are about an intense sadness which is characterised by a loss of hope.

Jiaying
是的,這兩個形容詞都強調了 “一種極為沮喪的,感到了無希望的情緒”。

Georgie
Jiaying, you also used the word 'depressing' to describe the weather earlier.

Jiaying
Yes. In London, it can be depressing when we don't see the Sun for a while. It makes me depressed! 來聽兩個分別使用了形容詞 “depressing” 和 “depressed” 的例句。

Examples
The documentary about climate change was depressing.
(這部關于氣候變化的紀錄片令人沮喪。)

After losing her job, she felt depressed and struggled to find motivation.
(失去工作后,她倍感消沉,很難找到動力。)

Georgie
Now, 'miserable' is another extreme version of 'sad'.

Jiaying
沒錯,形容詞 “miserable” 也是 “sad” 的一個近義詞,意思是 “痛苦的,苦惱的”,但它強調了一種程度極深的 “sadness(痛苦和悲傷之情)”。

Georgie
It's often used with words like 'absolutely', 'truly' and 'totally'. Like 'sad', it can be used to describe the human feeling, or something that causes it.

Jiaying
形容詞 “miserable” 還可以用來描述 “一件事情是令人難受的、悲慘的”。比如,在節目的一開始,Georgie,你用 “miserable” 描述了 “天氣情況是非常糟糕的”。聽兩個例句。

Examples
After breaking up with his girlfriend, he felt absolutely miserable.
(和女友分手后,他感到非常痛苦。)

It was a truly miserable year for Sarah after she lost her beloved cat.
(這一年對莎拉來說真的很痛苦,因為她失去了心愛的貓。)

Georgie
Finally, let's talk about 'gloomy'. This one's interesting because it has a kind of literal and metaphorical sense. Literally, it means something similar to 'dark'.

Jiaying
形容詞 “gloomy” 的字面意思是 “因光線不足而陰暗的,幽暗的”。

Georgie
I said earlier that the dark clouds were making the sky look gloomy.

Jiaying
形容詞 “gloomy” 還有一個抽象的引申義,用來比喻 “人的情緒是悲觀的,惆悵的”、“氣氛是陰郁的” 或 “前景是黯淡無望的”。來聽兩個例句。

Examples
The gloomy weather matched his gloomy mood.
(陰郁的天氣正映襯了他惆悵的心情。)

There was a gloomy atmosphere inside the abandoned mansion.
(這座廢棄豪宅里的氣氛十分陰沉。)

Jiaying
來總結一下問題中的五個詞語在描述 “悲傷” 這種感受時的區別:形容詞 “sad” 最常用,涵蓋的 “悲傷” 程度范圍最廣;形容詞 “sorrowful” 的意思也是 “悲傷的”,但它更具詩意,這很可能是在經歷了一件非常令人難過的事情之后而產生的悲傷之情;形容詞 “depressed” 和 “miserable” 都可以用來表達 “極為悲傷的”,但與 “sad” 相比,它們強調的 “悲傷” 程度更深切、更強烈;形容詞 “gloomy(陰暗的)” 有一個來自其字面意思的抽象引申義,就是 “悲觀惆悵的”。

Georgie
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Jiaying
你也可以通過微博私信的形式把你的問題發送給我們,我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學”。Bye, everyone!

Georgie
Bye-bye.

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