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災后重建 孩子優(yōu)先
“再窮不能窮教育,再苦不能苦孩子。”災后重建,孩子要優(yōu)先。
[ 2008-06-05 17:27 ]

 

“再窮不能窮教育,再苦不能苦孩子。”這是中國政府表現(xiàn)出來的其對于教育的責任以及對于孩子們接受教育的關心,因為孩子是祖國的未來和希望。人員和財產(chǎn)損失慘重的四川汶川大地震不但使得許多孩子不幸遇難,生命的花朵就此凋零,而且還使許多劫后余生的孩子遭遇了巨大的身心傷害,學校塌了,家沒了,甚至父母雙雙遇難了。地震帶給災區(qū)人民的肉體傷痛會漸趨平復,但給災民造成的精神創(chuàng)傷和心里陰影卻無法抹去,尤其對于災區(qū)兒童而言,地震遠遠未成“過去式”。在地震中幸存的許多孩子少了曾經(jīng)快樂而天真的笑容,心理專家稱,比身體更難痊愈的,是孩子們的心理。為此,黨中央和國務院十分關心孩子們的身心健康,胡錦濤總書記和溫家寶總理曾多次看望受災的兒童并且作出重要指示,要求各級地方政府認真做好與災區(qū)孩子們有關的各項工作。恰好在地震發(fā)生過后半個多月,一年一度的六一國際兒童節(jié)來臨了。全國上下,從胡總書記和溫總理到災區(qū)以外的孩子們,紛紛以各種方式幫助災區(qū)孩子們過好災后的第一個兒童節(jié)。通過英語媒體的報道,我們可以在關心災區(qū)孩子的同時,學習到一些有用的英語表達。首先讓我們來看看新華社發(fā)表的關于災區(qū)孩子歡度六一兒童節(jié)的英語新聞報道。

Happy Children's Day, Chinese president says to quake-affected kids
2008-06-01 08:07:05

NINGQIANG, Shaanxi, May 31 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao wished quake-affected kids a happy holiday ahead of Children's Day in northwestern Shaanxi Province, also heavily hit by the May 12 earthquake.

On Saturday morning, Hu arrived at Ningqiang county,neighboring to worst-hit Sichuan Province.

A magnitude 5.7 aftershock hit Ningqiang around 4 p.m. on Tuesday,leaving at least one injured, 860 houses destroyed and 3,100 damaged, adding up the damages.

Almost all the 340,000 locals in Ningqiang County were urged to live outdoors amid fear of possible aftershocks.

At Jinshansi village, almost all houses were flattened and villagers were living in tents for days.

As the Children's Day falls on Sunday, Hu went into a tent school in the village to condole the kids suffering from the quake.

"Today you have to study in the tent. But I promise you to help you build a new school. You will be sure to have a better classroom," he said after children stood up together and greeted him.

Then the President picked up a chalk, wrote 16 Chinese characters on the chalkboard and recited them together with the kids, "One in trouble, all to help; Rely on ourselves and work hard."

"When we rebuild our hometown, we should stick to this two sorts of spirits," Hu said.

Many children are very brave and strong in front of the major earthquake. I have learned from you and see the hope of the quake-hit regions and the whole country. I believe you will strive to become stronger and work hard in the future," he said.

Hu wished the kids a happy holiday and handed around gifts to them.

He then inspected relief work at the village and asking local officials to set the examples and lead residents to rebuild the hometown.

在上述新聞報道中,quake-affected kids就語法關系而言可以理解為“受地震影響的孩子”,實際上這里就是指“災區(qū)兒童”,“災區(qū)孩子”。中國學生學習英語的時候需要注意的是,Shaanxi指的是陜西,而Shanxi則是山西,這兩個省在漢語拼音中的拼寫其實是一樣的,都是shanxi,但這樣一來就帶來了問題,即如果采用同樣的拼寫,人們不易區(qū)分哪個是陜西,哪個是山西。

1977年,聯(lián)合國第三屆地名標準化會議通過了關于“采用漢語拼音作為中國地名羅馬字母拼法的國際標準”的決議。漢語拼音拼寫必須按照我國法定的羅馬字母拼音方案——《漢語拼音方案》。從這一點來說,把陜西拼寫為Shaanxi是顯然違背《漢語拼音方案》的基本法則的,但是,如果對兩省的漢語拼音拼寫不加區(qū)分又會帶來許多問題,因此最終產(chǎn)生了現(xiàn)在的這種處理方式,即所謂技術處理方法,但是這種方法在理論上是找不到依據(jù)的,只能理解為在這種技術處理方法已經(jīng)成為客觀現(xiàn)實的情況下的一種約定俗成的用法。

一個地方和另一個地方相鄰,可以用neighboring to這個說法,如Suzhou is neighboring to Shanghai.注意這里的neighboring是作為形容詞來使用的,而不是動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。

leaving at least one injured是“造成至少一人受傷”的意思,其中的leave為地道英語表達,leave在這里是“(某事)使(某人)落到某種地步”的意思,如His rudeness left me speechless(他的粗魯氣得我無言以對。)這里不由得聯(lián)想到,我國的英語學習者在表達“造成”的時候只會不加區(qū)分地使用cause這一單詞,這種不分語境的詞語應用值得引起我們的警惕。

Condole就是表示慰問,表示同情的意思。rebuild the hometown就是“重建家園”的意思。特別值得一提的是,One in trouble, all to help.Rely on ourselves and work hard屬于典型的中國英語(China English,注意不是Chinese English,兩者所指截然不同),即具有中國特色的詞匯,這就是胡總書記視察陜西寧強縣的時候勉勵孩子們時候在黑板上寫下的四句話“一方有難,八方支援,自力更生,艱苦奮斗”。類似的具有中國特色的詞匯翻譯,中國翻譯協(xié)會經(jīng)常組織專家定期發(fā)布,成為英語媒體表達我國具體國情時候使用的規(guī)范譯文。

除了黨和政府對災區(qū)孩子們的六一兒童節(jié)表示關心外,災區(qū)孩子們的上學問題也引起了黨和政府的關心。由于災區(qū)許多學校垮塌,而災后重建工作任重而道遠,因此,不少孩子被安排到了災區(qū)以外的地方恢復上課。《中國日報》對此也進行了專門的報道如下:

Kids sent to study outside disaster zone
By Wang Ying, Liang Qiwen and Li Aoxue (China Daily)
Updated: 2008-05-31 07:55

Schools in some big cities have taken in students from earthquake-affected areas where classrooms were either utterly razed or rendered structurally unsound.

Five hundred primary school students from Anxian county of Mianyang, one of the areas hardest hit by the May 12 quake in Sichuan province, set off on a train from the provincial capital Chengdu bound for Kunming, capital of Yunnan province, on Thursday.

For eight months, the students will study in nine schools in Kunming, about 1,000 km south of Mianyang.

災后重建 孩子優(yōu)先

To help the children cope with this difficult period, the Yunnan branch of the All-China Women's Federation, local education authorities and thecivil affairs department jointly launched a "show-love" project.

Yunnan's government will cover all study and living expenses for these students during their stay.

Primary and high schools in Chongqing municipality have received more than 500 students from Sichuan, Tan Kaiming, an official with the Chongqing anti-earthquake headquarters, said.

The host schools will also provide physical and psychological therapy for the students, Tan said.

Also, 200 elementary and middle school students from Sichuan are now studying in Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong province, with waived tuition or accommodation fees, Guangzhou education bureau official He Yuhong said.

Students from earthquake-affected areas will enjoy free room and board if enrolled in colleges and universities in Guangdong, the provincial education department said.

On Thursday, 44 senior middle school students from Beichuan county, one of the most-devastated areas, toured the Great Wall under the arrangement of the All China Women's Federation and Beijing municipal government.

To help distract the students from the horror and sorrow of the disaster, the federation and Beijing government will also arrange visits to major Olympic venues, Tian'anmen Square and the China Science Museum in the coming days, the Beijing News reported. And five students from Jiangyou, Sichuan, are now studying at Beijing No 105 Middle School. The five girls arrived in Beijing on Wednesday.

The grandmother of Jiang Yichen, one of the girls, contacted Beijing No 105 Middle School to arrange for their studies in the capital.

"I was lazy about my studies before but having stayed in a tent for more than 10 days, it feels so good to sit in a classroom," 16-year-old Zhong Xuerui said.

Beijing 105 High School is not a boarding school, but the school's authorities arranged for the five students to live in a teachers' dormitory and bought them daily necessities, such as bowls, shampoo and toothpaste.

In addition to waiving their tuitions and textbook fees, the school will also provide them psychological counseling.

"We just want to help students from earthquake-affected areas," deputy schoolmaster Zuo Weidong said.

The duration of their stays in Beijing will be determined by when classes resume in Jiangyou, he said.

在上述新聞報道中,study outside disaster zone指的就是災區(qū)的孩子們被政府安排到了災區(qū)以外的地方上學,因為對這些孩子們來說,盡早恢復上課不僅是確保他們的課程學習不會受到太大的影響,而且也意味著可以讓他們通過認真學習而適度忘卻這場巨大災難給他們帶來的身心傷害,如下文所說的help distract the students from the horror and sorrow of the disaster。

Earthquake-affected areas就是“地震災區(qū)”,在這次關于四川地震的報道中,“災區(qū)”的對應英語表達還出現(xiàn)了quake areas,quake zone,disaster zone等多個說法。

Utterly razed or rendered structurally unsound指的是建筑物遭到徹底破壞或者建筑結構已經(jīng)不安全,其中的raze是一個十分地道的英語表達,意思是“把(城鎮(zhèn)、建筑物)夷為平地”,其常見搭配為raze something to the ground。

Render則又是一個在英語中廣泛使用且十分地道而我國廣大英語學習者不習慣使用的單詞,其含義較為寬泛,在這里是“使……變成……”的意思,與make近義,其語法結構要求后接一個賓語和一個由形容詞或分詞充當成分的賓語補足語,常用被動語態(tài),如the new law has been rendered useless。Unsound本身就指“(建筑物等)不安全的,不穩(wěn)固的”,而這里出現(xiàn)在其前面的structurally一方面是出于語法結構上與前面的utterly對稱,另一方面也是強調,在強烈地震中,一些學校的大樓雖然沒有垮塌,但是其結構已經(jīng)嚴重不安全,因此不再適宜作為教室使用。

Bound 也是一個多義詞,在這里指的是“(車船飛機等交通工具)開往某個目的地”,其搭配介詞為for,如The cargo ship is bound for the Middle East. 也可以組成合成詞,如a Shanghai-bound train(一列開往上海的火車)。

Kunming, about 1,000 km south of Mianyang這一結構則是屬于比較典型的英語新聞報道特點,即出現(xiàn)地名的時候需要交代其方位和距離。雖然昆明對于中國人而言都知道其位于哪里,但是,根據(jù)英語新聞報道的語法要求,這里還是交代了其和綿陽之間的方位和距離。

All-China Women's Federation是中華全國婦女聯(lián)合會,簡稱全國婦聯(lián),類似的表達還有中國全國總工會,其英文說法是All-China Federation of Trade Unions,All-China Federation of Youth 中華全國青年聯(lián)合會(全國青聯(lián)) ,All-China Students' Federation 中華全國學生聯(lián)合會(全國學聯(lián))等等。

中國政府部門和民間組織的英文表達在人民日報網(wǎng)站英文版有完整的敘述,有興趣者可以去那里查詢。 education authorities就是“教育部門”的意思,注意authorities在英語中又是一個十分地道的表達,經(jīng)常用來表示“有關部門”,“管理部門”,“當局”,使用復數(shù)形式,如本文下段提到的school's authorities (也可以表達為school authorities)就是指“校方”。

Civil affairs department就是“民政部門”。這里順便介紹一下,civil 是一個十分常用的多義詞,而且隨著搭配的不同,其含義之間的相關性相距甚遠,civil servant是“公務員”,“文職人員”,civil law是“民法”,civil wedding是“(不舉行宗教儀式的)世俗婚禮”,相對應的是religious wedding或church wedding,civil war是“內戰(zhàn)”,civil rights是“公民權”,civil aviation是“民用航空”,而civil engineering則是“土木工程”。

Cover all study and living expenses指的是支付(承擔)全部學習和生活費用,目前,所有接納災區(qū)孩子入學的地方政府和教育部門都作出了相同的規(guī)定,即免除這些劫后余生的孩子在災區(qū)以外地區(qū)就讀的所有費用,如下文所說的tuitions and textbook fees(學費和書本費)。在cover all study and living expenses這個表達中,cover又是一個多義詞,中國學生最熟悉的意思是“覆蓋”,但實際上其在英語中還有許多其他用法,如we covered 40 miles yesterday,這里的cover表示走了多少路程。He will be sent to Beijing to cover the 2008 summer Olympics,這里的cover表示新聞記者的采訪報道。在本文中,cover指的是有經(jīng)濟能力支付,相當于pay for something,常見用法有cover the cost of something(支付費用),cover the expenses(承擔開支)等等。 host schools指的是此次地震災難之后接待災區(qū)學生入讀的學校。

Psychological therapy就是“心理治療”,類似的說法還有本文下段有提及的psychological counseling,因為對于心靈受到傷害的災區(qū)孩子們來說,心靈的恢復更為重要。

Waived tuition or accommodation fees就是免除學費和食宿費,其中的waive表示“宣布放棄/取消”,其名詞是waiver,中國學生申請赴美國留學時獲得的校方經(jīng)濟資助時,最常見的一種就是叫做tuition waiver,簡單地說就是免掉學費,不用交學費就可以上學。有一些運氣好的學生則還可以獲得XXX美元的獎學金加一個tuition waiver,也就是說除了不用交學費,還有XXX美元的獎學金。Tuition waiver在美國學校的獎學金中占有很大的比例,在沒有其他資助的情況下,這就是我們通常所說的半獎。免掉你的學費,并通過其他途徑獲得一定數(shù)額的生活保證,對于學費不菲的美國留學來講,是一件令人很愉快的事情。美國大學提供的其他獎學金還包括fellowship, teaching assistant, research assistant等等。

Free room and board就是住宿和膳食免費,其中的room and board在英語中幾乎成為一個固定搭配,專門用來指學生等人員在學校、尤其是寄宿學校等場所享受住宿和膳食時候所必須支付的膳宿費。Board還可以作為動詞,表示學生在校寄宿,因此,寄宿學校就叫做boarding school,本文下段就有提及。

Daily necessities就是“日用必需品”。

Olympic venues指的是奧運會比賽場館,venue表示“舉辦地點”,“舉行場所”,即一項活動舉行的時候所使用的場所,如The venue for the latest round of talks is the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse(最新一輪談判的地點是釣魚臺國賓館。)在體育比賽中,venue作為比賽場地的意思,使用得更普遍。

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災后重建 孩子優(yōu)先王銀泉,南京農業(yè)大學外國語學院英語教授,碩士生導師,大學外語部主任。2007年4月由江蘇省省委常委集體討論入選為江蘇省"333高層次人才培養(yǎng)工程"首批中青年科學技術帶頭人。南京農業(yè)大學133人才培養(yǎng)工程英語學科學術帶頭人。南京農業(yè)大學大學英語教學改革總主持人。1996年獲國家留學基金首批資助。1997年10月至1998年10月留學加拿大渥太華大學并進修研究生核心課程。曾訪問英美。迄今為止已在《外語教學與研究》和《中國翻譯》等核心刊物上發(fā)表論文40余篇,其中CSSCI來源期刊文章13篇(依據(jù)2006年度CSSCI來源期刊)。主編教材1部,教輔圖書1部,參編詞典1部,在編專著2部。

 
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