一、過去五年的工作和十年的基本總結

I. Our Work in the Past Five Years and the Basic Experience We Have Gained in the Past Ten Years

十七大以來的五年，是我們在中國特色社會主義道路上奮勇前進的五年，是我們經受住各種困難和風險考驗、奪取全面建設小康社會新勝利的五年。

Over the past five years since the Seventeenth Party Congress, we have marched boldly on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. During these five years, we have overcome numerous difficulties and risks and achieved new successes in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

十七大對推進改革開放和社會主義現代化建設、實現全面建設小康社會宏偉目標作出全面部署。為貫徹十七大精神，中央先后召開七次全會，分別就深化行政管理體制改革、推進農村改革發展、加強和改進新形勢下黨的建設、制定“十二五”規劃、推進文化改革發展等關系全局的重大問題作出決定和部署。五年來，我們勝利完成“十一五”規劃，順利實施“十二五”規劃，各方面工作都取得新的重大成就。

The Seventeenth Party Congress adopted a comprehensive plan for promoting reform and opening up and socialist modernization and attaining the grand goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. To implement this decision of the Seventeenth Party Congress, the Central Committee has held seven plenary sessions, at which decisions were made and implementing steps adopted on the following issues of underlying importance: deepening reform of the administrative system, promoting rural reform and development, improving and strengthening Party building in a new environment, formulating the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and promoting reform and development of the cultural sector. During the past five years, we have fulfilled the goals of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and made good progress in implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and we have made new and major achievements in all fields of our work.

經濟平穩較快發展。綜合國力大幅提升，二０一一年國內生產總值達到四十七點三萬億元。財政收入大幅增加。農業綜合生產能力提高，糧食連年增產。產業結構調整取得新進展，基礎設施全面加強。城鎮化水平明顯提高，城鄉區域發展協調性增強。創新型國家建設成效顯著，載人航天、探月工程、載人深潛、超級計算機、高速鐵路等實現重大突破。生態文明建設扎實展開，資源節約和環境保護全面推進。

The economy has developed steadily and rapidly. China's overall national strength has grown considerably. The gross domestic product (GDP) reached 47.3 trillion yuan in 2011, and government revenue increased by a wide margin. The overall agricultural production capacity has increased and grain output has gone up year after year. Fresh progress has been made in adjusting the industrial structure, and the infrastructure has been extensively upgraded. Urbanization has been steadily advanced, and development between urban and rural areas and between regions has become better balanced. Notable progress has been made in making China an innovative country, and major breakthroughs have been made in manned spaceflights, the lunar exploration program, and in the development of a manned deep-sea submersible, supercomputers and high-speed railways. Solid steps have been taken to promote ecological progress, and comprehensive progress has been made in resource conservation and environmental protection.

改革開放取得重大進展。農村綜合改革、集體林權制度改革、國有企業改革不斷深化，非公有制經濟健康發展。現代市場體系和宏觀調控體系不斷健全，財稅、金融、價格、科技、教育、社會保障、醫藥衛生、事業單位等改革穩步推進。開放型經濟達到新水平，進出口總額躍居世界第二位。

Major progress has been registered in reform and opening up. China's overall rural reform, the reform in tenure of collective forests and the reform of state-owned enterprises have been deepened, and the non-public sector of the economy has registered sound growth. The country's modern market system and macro-regulatory system have been steadily improved, and its reform of finance and taxation, banking, prices, science and technology, education, social security, medicine and public health, and public institutions has progressed steadily. China's open economy has reached a new level, and its import and export volume now ranks second in the world.

人民生活水平顯著提高。改善民生力度不斷加大，城鄉就業持續擴大，居民收入較快增長，家庭財產穩定增加，衣食住行用條件明顯改善，城鄉最低生活保障標準和農村扶貧標準大幅提升，企業退休人員基本養老金持續提高。

Living standards have been significantly improved. Efforts to improve the people's wellbeing have been intensified; urban and rural employment has continued to increase; individual income has increased rapidly; household assets have grown steadily; people's need for daily necessities such as clothing, food, housing and transportation is better met; subsistence allowances for both urban and rural residents and the rural poverty line have been raised by a big margin; and basic pensions for enterprise retirees have increased continually.

民主法制建設邁出新步伐。政治體制改革繼續推進。實行城鄉按相同人口比例選舉人大代表。基層民主不斷發展。中國特色社會主義法律體系形成，社會主義法治國家建設成績顯著。愛國統一戰線鞏固壯大。行政體制改革深化，司法體制和工作機制改革取得新進展。

New strides have been made in developing democracy and the legal system. Further progress has been made in reforming the political structure. Urban and rural deputies to people's congresses are now elected on the basis of the same population ratio. Community-level democracy has steadily developed. The socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics has been established, and notable achievements have been made in building a socialist country based on the rule of law. The patriotic united front has been consolidated and expanded. The reform of the administrative system has deepened, and further progress has been made in the reform of the judicial system and the work mechanisms of the judiciary.

文化建設邁上新臺階。社會主義核心價值體系建設深入開展，文化體制改革全面推進，公共文化服務體系建設取得重大進展，文化產業快速發展，文化創作生產更加繁榮，人民精神文化生活更加豐富多彩。全民健身和競技體育取得新成績。

Development of the cultural sector has reached a new stage. Intensive efforts have been made to promote core socialist values; comprehensive progress has been made in the reform of the cultural system; important headway has been made in providing public cultural services; the cultural industry has grown rapidly; cultural creation and production is flourishing; and people enjoy richer intellectual pursuits and cultural entertainment. New progress has been made in public fitness programs and competitive sports.

社會建設取得新進步。基本公共服務水平和均等化程度明顯提高。教育事業迅速發展，城鄉免費義務教育全面實現。社會保障體系建設成效顯著，城鄉基本養老保險制度全面建立，新型社會救助體系基本形成。全民醫保基本實現，城鄉基本醫療衛生制度初步建立。保障性住房建設加快推進。加強和創新社會管理，社會保持和諧穩定。

Fresh progress has been made in social development. Basic public services have improved markedly, and access to them has become much more equitable. Education has developed rapidly, and free compulsory education is now available in all urban and rural areas. Marked progress has been made in developing the social security system; the basic old-age insurance system covering both the urban and rural population has been fully established, and a new type of social assistance system is taking shape. The whole population is now basically covered by medical insurance; the basic urban and rural healthcare systems are taking shape. Construction of low-income housing has been accelerated. We have strengthened and made innovations in social management and maintained social harmony and stability.

國防和軍隊建設開創新局面。中國特色軍事變革取得重大成就，軍隊革命化現代化正規化建設協調推進、全面加強，軍事斗爭準備不斷深化，履行新世紀新階段歷史使命能力顯著增強，出色完成一系列急難險重任務。

A new stage has been reached in efforts to strengthen national defense and the armed forces. Significant achievements have been made in the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics. Coordinated and all-around progress has been made in efforts to ensure the revolutionary nature of the armed forces and that they are modern and follow standard procedures in all operations. Military preparedness has been enhanced. The armed forces have greatly enhanced their capability of carrying out their historic mission in this new stage in the new century, and they have accomplished a host of urgent, difficult, dangerous and arduous tasks.

港澳臺工作進一步加強。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定，同內地交流合作提高到新水平。推動兩岸關系實現重大轉折，實現兩岸全面直接雙向“三通”，簽署實施兩岸經濟合作框架協議，形成兩岸全方位交往格局，開創兩岸關系和平發展新局面。

Work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan affairs has been further strengthened. Hong Kong and Macao have remained prosperous and stable, and their exchanges and cooperation with the mainland have reached a new stage. We have achieved a major transition in the relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits, with direct and two-way links of mail service, transport and trade fully established, and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement between them has been signed for implementation. All this has promoted extensive mutual contacts and ushered in a new stage of peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations.

外交工作取得新成就。堅定維護國家利益和我國公民、法人在海外合法權益，加強同世界各國交流合作，推動全球治理機制變革，積極促進世界和平與發展，在國際事務中的代表性和話語權進一步增強，為改革發展爭取了有利國際環境。

New progress has been made in China's diplomacy. We have staunchly protected China's interests and the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese nationals and legal persons overseas. We have increased exchanges and cooperation with other countries. We have promoted reform in global governance, enhanced world peace and development, secured more representation and a greater say for China in international affairs, and created favorable international conditions for China's reform and development.

黨的建設全面加強。黨的執政能力建設和先進性建設繼續推進，思想理論建設成效明顯，學習實踐科學發展觀活動取得重要成果，黨的建設改革創新邁出重要步伐。黨內民主進一步擴大。干部隊伍建設取得重要進展，人才工作開創新局面。創先爭優活動和學習型黨組織建設深入進行，基層黨組織不斷加強。黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭取得新成效。

All-around progress has been made in Party building. Further progress has been registered in strengthening the Party's governance capacity and its advanced nature. Notable results have been achieved in strengthening the Party theoretically. Significant achievements have been made in studying and applying the Scientific Outlook on Development. Major progress has been made in conducting reform and innovation in Party building. Intra-Party democracy has been further expanded. Major progress has also been made in strengthening the ranks of Party officials; and new progress has been registered in managing qualified professionals. We have intensified activities to encourage Party members and organizations to excel in their work and to build learning Party organizations. Community-level Party organizations have been strengthened. New progress has been made in improving Party conduct, promoting integrity and combating corruption.

同時，必須清醒看到，我們工作中還存在許多不足，前進道路上還有不少困難和問題。主要是：發展中不平衡、不協調、不可持續問題依然突出，科技創新能力不強，產業結構不合理，農業基礎依然薄弱，資源環境約束加劇，制約科學發展的體制機制障礙較多，深化改革開放和轉變經濟發展方式任務艱巨；城鄉區域發展差距和居民收入分配差距依然較大；社會矛盾明顯增多，教育、就業、社會保障、醫療、住房、生態環境、食品藥品安全、安全生產、社會治安、執法司法等關系群眾切身利益的問題較多，部分群眾生活比較困難；一些領域存在道德失范、誠信缺失現象；一些干部領導科學發展能力不強，一些基層黨組織軟弱渙散，少數黨員干部理想信念動搖、宗旨意識淡薄，形式主義、官僚主義問題突出，奢侈浪費現象嚴重；一些領域消極腐敗現象易發多發，反腐敗斗爭形勢依然嚴峻。對這些困難和問題，我們必須高度重視，進一步認真加以解決。

On the other hand, we must be keenly aware that there is still much room for improvement in our work and there are a lot of difficulties and problems on our road ahead. They include the following: Unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development remains a big problem. The capacity for scientific and technological innovation is weak. The industrial structure is unbalanced. Agricultural infrastructure remains weak. Resource and environmental constraints have become more serious. Many systemic barriers stand in the way of promoting development in a scientific way. The tasks of deepening reform and opening up and changing the growth model remain arduous. The development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is still large, and so are income disparities. Social problems have increased markedly. There are many problems affecting people's immediate interests in education, employment, social security, healthcare, housing, the ecological environment, food and drug safety, workplace safety, public security, law enforcement, administration of justice, etc. Some people still lead hard lives. There is a lack of ethics and integrity in some fields of endeavor. Some officials are not competent to pursue development in a scientific way. Some community-level Party organizations are weak and lax. A small number of Party members and officials waver in the Party's ideal and conviction and are not fully aware of its purpose. Going through formalities and bureaucratism as well as extravagance and waste are serious problems. Some sectors are prone to corruption and other misconduct, and the fight against corruption remains a serious challenge for us. We must take these difficulties and problems very seriously and work harder to resolve them.

過去五年的工作，是十六大以來全面建設小康社會十年實踐的重要組成部分。

Our work in the past five years is an important part of our endeavor to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the past ten years since the Sixteenth National Congress of the Party.

這十年，我們緊緊抓住和用好我國發展的重要戰略機遇期，戰勝一系列重大挑戰，奮力把中國特色社會主義推進到新的發展階段。進入新世紀新階段，國際局勢風云變幻，綜合國力競爭空前激烈，我們深化改革開放，加快發展步伐，以加入世界貿易組織為契機，變壓力為動力，化挑戰為機遇，堅定不移推進全面建設小康社會進程。前進過程中，我們戰勝突如其來的非典疫情，認真總結我國發展實踐，準確把握我國發展的階段性特征，及時提出和全面貫徹科學發展觀等重大戰略思想，開拓了經濟社會發展的廣闊空間。二００八年以后，國際金融危機使我國發展遭遇嚴重困難，我們科學判斷、果斷決策，采取一系列重大舉措，在全球率先實現經濟企穩回升，積累了有效應對外部經濟風險沖擊、保持經濟平穩較快發展的重要經驗。我們成功舉辦北京奧運會、殘奧會和上海世博會，奪取抗擊汶川特大地震等嚴重自然災害和災后恢復重建重大勝利，妥善處置一系列重大突發事件。在十分復雜的國內外形勢下，黨和人民經受住嚴峻考驗，鞏固和發展了改革開放和社會主義現代化建設大局，提高了我國國際地位，彰顯了中國特色社會主義的巨大優越性和強大生命力，增強了中國人民和中華民族的自豪感和凝聚力。

During these ten years, we have seized and made the most of the important period of strategic opportunities for China's development, successfully met major challenges and brought socialism with Chinese characteristics to a new stage of development. Facing a volatile global environment and fierce competition in overall national strength unseen before in this new stage in the new century, we have deepened reform and opening up and accelerated development. We took China's accession to the World Trade Organization as an opportunity to turn pressure into motivation and turn challenges into opportunities, and we have forged ahead in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. While we were on the way, we overcame the unexpected outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). On the basis of reviewing China's development practices, we gained a good understanding of the essential features of its development in the current stage, set forth in a timely way major strategic thinking including the Scientific Outlook on Development, and have fully applied it, and thus greatly expanded the space for economic and social development. After 2008, the global financial crisis caused acute difficulties to China's development. By making resolute decisions and taking major countermeasures on the basis of sizing up the overall development in a scientific way, we made China's economy the first in the world to make a turnaround, and we have gained important experience in effectively defusing external economic risks and maintaining steady and robust growth. We successfully hosted the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and the XIII Paralympic Games in Beijing and the World Expo in Shanghai. We won great victories in responding to the massive Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province and other natural disasters and in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction and settled major emergencies. Bracing ourselves against complex domestic and international developments, our Party and people have stood severe tests, consolidated and developed the cause of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and raised China's international standing. All this shows the superiority and vitality of socialism with Chinese characteristics and has enhanced the pride and cohesiveness of the Chinese people and nation.

十年來，我們取得一系列新的歷史性成就，為全面建成小康社會打下了堅實基礎。我國經濟總量從世界第六位躍升到第二位，社會生產力、經濟實力、科技實力邁上一個大臺階，人民生活水平、居民收入水平、社會保障水平邁上一個大臺階，綜合國力、國際競爭力、國際影響力邁上一個大臺階，國家面貌發生新的歷史性變化。人們公認，這是我國經濟持續發展、民主不斷健全、文化日益繁榮、社會保持穩定的時期，是著力保障和改善民生、人民得到實惠更多的時期。我們能取得這樣的歷史性成就，靠的是黨的基本理論、基本路線、基本綱領、基本經驗的正確指引，靠的是新中國成立以來特別是改革開放以來奠定的深厚基礎，靠的是全黨全國各族人民的團結奮斗。

Over the past ten years, we have achieved new historic successes and laid a solid foundation for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. China's economy has risen from the sixth to the second place in the world. The country has undergone new historic changes: Its productive forces and economic, scientific and technological strength have increased considerably, the people's living standards, individual income and social security have improved significantly, and its overall national strength and international competitiveness and influence have been enhanced substantially. During this period, China has seen continuous economic development, steady improvement in democracy, and increasing cultural prosperity and social stability, and we have worked hard to ensure and improve the people's wellbeing and brought them more benefits than ever before. And all this is widely recognized. These historic successes are attributable to the correct guidance of the Party's basic theory, line, program and experience; they have been achieved on the firm foundation laid since the founding of New China in 1949 and particularly since the adoption of the policy of reform and opening up in 1978; and they are the fruits of the united efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China.

在這里，我代表中共中央，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界愛國人士，向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣同胞以及廣大僑胞，向一切關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國朋友，表示衷心的感謝！

Here, on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the people of all ethnic groups in China, to the democratic parties, people's organizations and patriots from all walks of life, to our compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese, and to our foreign friends who view favorably and support China's modernization drive.

總結十年奮斗歷程，最重要的就是我們堅持以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想為指導，勇于推進實踐基礎上的理論創新，圍繞堅持和發展中國特色社會主義提出一系列緊密相連、相互貫通的新思想、新觀點、新論斷，形成和貫徹了科學發展觀。科學發展觀是馬克思主義同當代中國實際和時代特征相結合的產物，是馬克思主義關于發展的世界觀和方法論的集中體現，對新形勢下實現什么樣的發展、怎樣發展等重大問題作出了新的科學回答，把我們對中國特色社會主義規律的認識提高到新的水平，開辟了當代中國馬克思主義發展新境界。科學發展觀是中國特色社會主義理論體系最新成果，是中國共產黨集體智慧的結晶，是指導黨和國家全部工作的強大思想武器。科學發展觀同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想一道，是黨必須長期堅持的指導思想。

The most important achievement in our endeavors in the past ten years is that we have formed the Scientific Outlook on Development and put it into practice by following the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents and by making courageous theoretical innovations on the basis of practices and developing closely interconnected new ideas and viewpoints on upholding and building socialism with Chinese characteristics. The Scientific Outlook on Development was created by integrating Marxism with the reality of contemporary China and with the underlying features of our times, and it fully embodies the Marxist worldview on and methodology for development. This theory provides new scientific answers to the major questions of what kind of development China should achieve in a new environment and how the country should achieve it. It represents a new level of our understanding of the laws of socialism with Chinese characteristics and reaches a new realm in the development of Marxism in contemporary China. The Scientific Outlook on Development is the latest achievement in developing the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it is the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the Communist Party of China and a powerful theoretical weapon for guiding all the work of the Party and country. Together with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development is the theoretical guidance the Party must adhere to for a long time.

面向未來，深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，對堅持和發展中國特色社會主義具有重大現實意義和深遠歷史意義，必須把科學發展觀貫徹到我國現代化建設全過程、體現到黨的建設各方面。全黨必須更加自覺地把推動經濟社會發展作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的第一要義，牢牢扭住經濟建設這個中心，堅持聚精會神搞建設、一心一意謀發展，著力把握發展規律、創新發展理念、破解發展難題，深入實施科教興國戰略、人才強國戰略、可持續發展戰略，加快形成符合科學發展要求的發展方式和體制機制，不斷解放和發展社會生產力，不斷實現科學發展、和諧發展、和平發展，為堅持和發展中國特色社會主義打下牢固基礎。必須更加自覺地把以人為本作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的核心立場，始終把實現好、維護好、發展好最廣大人民根本利益作為黨和國家一切工作的出發點和落腳點，尊重人民首創精神，保障人民各項權益，不斷在實現發展成果由人民共享、促進人的全面發展上取得新成效。必須更加自覺地把全面協調可持續作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的基本要求，全面落實經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設五位一體總體布局，促進現代化建設各方面相協調，促進生產關系與生產力、上層建筑與經濟基礎相協調，不斷開拓生產發展、生活富裕、生態良好的文明發展道路。必須更加自覺地把統籌兼顧作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的根本方法，堅持一切從實際出發，正確認識和妥善處理中國特色社會主義事業中的重大關系，統籌改革發展穩定、內政外交國防、治黨治國治軍各方面工作，統籌城鄉發展、區域發展、經濟社會發展、人與自然和諧發展、國內發展和對外開放，統籌各方面利益關系，充分調動各方面積極性，努力形成全體人民各盡其能、各得其所而又和諧相處的局面。

As we advance toward the future, thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development is of major immediate significance and far-reaching historical significance for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must apply it throughout the course of modernization and to every aspect of Party building.

The whole Party must more purposefully make promoting economic and social development the top priority in applying the Scientific Outlook on Development. We must pursue economic development as the central task and concentrate on it with every determination. We should master the laws of development, develop new thinking on development and solve problems hindering development. We must implement the strategies for making China strong by developing science and education and training competent personnel and the strategy for pursuing sustainable development. We must step up efforts to create development models as well as institutions and mechanisms that facilitate development in a scientific way. We must continue to release and develop the productive forces and promote scientific, harmonious and peaceful development so as to lay a solid foundation for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics.

The whole Party must more purposefully take putting people first as the core requirement for thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development. We must always make realizing, safeguarding and developing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people the starting point and goal of all the work of the Party and country. We must respect the people's creativity, protect their rights and interests, and make continued progress in enabling the people to share in the fruits of development and in promoting well-rounded development of the person.

The whole Party must more purposefully make pursuing comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development the basic requirement for applying the Scientific Outlook on Development. We must fully implement the overall plan for promoting economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, ensure coordinated progress in all areas of endeavors in the modernization drive, balance the relations of production with the productive forces as well as the superstructure with the economic base, and continue to expand the path of development that leads to increased production, prosperity and a good ecosystem.

The whole Party must more purposefully take the holistic approach as the fundamental way of thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development. We must base ourselves on reality in everything we do, gain a full understanding of the major issues in the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and handle them properly. We must take a holistic approach to our work relating to reform, development and stability, to domestic and foreign affairs as well as national defense, and to running the Party, the country and the military. We must coordinate urban and rural development, development between regions, economic and social development, relations between man and nature, and domestic development and opening to the outside world. We must balance the interests of all parties and keep them fully motivated so that all people do their best, find their proper places in society and live in harmony.

解放思想、實事求是、與時俱進、求真務實，是科學發展觀最鮮明的精神實質。實踐發展永無止境，認識真理永無止境，理論創新永無止境。全黨一定要勇于實踐、勇于變革、勇于創新，把握時代發展要求，順應人民共同愿望，不懈探索和把握中國特色社會主義規律，永葆黨的生機活力，永葆國家發展動力，在黨和人民創造性實踐中奮力開拓中國特色社會主義更為廣闊的發展前景。

Freeing up the mind, seeking truth from facts, keeping up with the times and being realistic and pragmatic - these are the salient features of the Scientific Outlook on Development. There is no end to practice, to seeking truth, or to making theoretical innovations. The whole Party must boldly engage in practice and make changes and innovations. We must respond to the call of the times, follow the aspirations of the people and explore and master the laws of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must ensure that the Party is always full of vigor and that China always has the driving force for development. By doing so, we will open up a bright future for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics through the creative practices of the Party and the people.