《深化改革決定》要點雙語對照（一）

中國日報網 2013-11-18 14:44

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《中共中央關于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》要點雙語對照

（2013年11月12日中國共產黨第十八屆中央委員會第三次全體會議通過）

The Decision on Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms was adopted at the close of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on Tuesday. The following is an abridged version of the full text of the document:

一、全面深化改革的重大意義和指導思想

I—Significance and principles

1. 改革開放是決定當代中國命運的關鍵抉擇。解放思想永無止境，改革開放永無止境。必須在新的歷史起點上全面深化改革。

1. Reform and opening-up has been a crucial choice that China has made regarding its destiny in modern times. But there can never be an end to the need for the emancipation of individual thought or for continuing reform and opening-up. China must deepen its all-round reform with a new starting point.

2. 堅持社會主義市場經濟改革方向，以促進社會公平正義、增進人民福祉為出發點和落腳點。全面深化改革的總目標是完善和發展中國特色社會主義制度，推進國家治理體系和治理能力現代化。緊緊圍繞使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用深化經濟體制改革。緊緊圍繞堅持黨的領導、加快推進社會主義民主政治制度化。緊緊圍繞建設社會主義核心價值體系深化文化體制改革。緊緊圍繞更好保障和改善民生、促進社會公平正義深化社會體制改革。緊緊圍繞建設美麗中國深化生態文明體制改革。緊緊圍繞提高科學執政、民主執政、依法執政水平深化黨的建設制度改革。

2. China must stick to the socialist market economy as the orientation of its reform, must promote social fairness and justice and must seek to advance the well-being of the people. The general purpose of deepening its all-round reform is to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, to advance modernization in the State governance system and governance capability. The basic economic system should evolve on the decisive role of the market in resource allocation. Political reform must evolve around the leadership of the Communist Party of China and advance the institutionalization of socialist democracy. Cultural reform must evolve around the socialist core value system. Social reform must evolve around the protection and improvement of the people's livelihood and advance fairness and justice. The development of an eco-conscious civilization must evolve around the building of a beautiful China. The reform of Party building must evolve on the effort to raise the level of governance to be scientific, democratic and according to the law.

3. 經濟體制改革是全面深化改革的重點。

3. The reform of the economic system is the focus of all the efforts to deepen the all-round reform.

4. 改革開放的成功實踐為全面深化改革提供了重要經驗，必須長期堅持。到二0二0年，在重要領域和關鍵環節改革上取得決定性成果。

4. The successful experience of the past reform and opening-up must be built upon. Decisive results are to be obtained in key areas in 2020.

二、堅持和完善基本經濟制度

II—Basic economic system

公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度，是中國特色社會主義制度的重要支柱。公有制經濟和非公有制經濟都是社會主義市場經濟的重要組成部分。

China's economic system is one with public ownership serving as its main body but allowing for the development of all types of ownership. Both public and non-public ownership are key components of China's socialist market economy.

5. 完善產權保護制度。產權是所有制的核心。公有制經濟財產權不可侵犯，非公有制經濟財產權同樣不可侵犯。國家保護各種所有制經濟產權和合法利益，保證各種所有制經濟依法平等使用生產要素、公開公平公正參與市場競爭、同等受到法律保護，依法監管各種所有制經濟。

5. Complete the property rights protection system. Property rights are the key factor of ownership. The property rights of the public economy are inviolable, as are the property rights of the non-public economy. The government protects the property rights and legitimate interests of all kinds of ownership by ensuring that various ownerships have equal access to production factors, open and fair market competition and the same legal protection and supervision.

6. 積極發展混合所有制經濟。國有資本、集體資本、非公有資本等交叉持股、相互融合的混合所有制經濟，是基本經濟制度的重要實現形式，有利于國有資本放大功能、保值增值、提高競爭力。允許更多國有經濟和其他所有制經濟發展成為混合所有制經濟。國有資本投資項目允許非國有資本參股。允許混合所有制經濟實行企業員工持股，形成資本所有者和勞動者利益共同體。完善國有資產管理體制，以管資本為主加強國有資產監管。組建若干國有資本運營公司，支持有條件的國有企業改組為國有資本投資公司。劃轉部分國有資本充實社會保障基金。完善國有資本經營預算制度，提高國有資本收益上繳公共財政比例，二0二0年提到百分之三十，更多用于保障和改善民生。

6. Actively develop a diversified ownership economy. Diversified ownership integrated by State capital, collective capital and private capital is the prime method for materializing the basic economic system, helping improve functions, increase value and promote the competitiveness of State capital. Allow more State-owned enterprises and other ownership enterprises to develop into mixed-ownership enterprises. Non-State shares will be allowed in State capital investment projects. Mixed-ownership enterprises will be allowed to utilize employee stock ownership to form a vested community of capital owners and workers. Improve the State-owned assets-management system and strengthen State-asset supervision by focusing on capital management. Establish a number of State-owned capital operating companies and back the transformation of qualified State-owned enterprises into State-owned investment companies. Transfer some State-owned capital to social security funds. Improve the State-owned capital operation budget system and increase the proportion of State capital gains paid in public financing to 30 percent by 2020, which will be used to ensure and improve people's livelihoods.

7. 推動國有企業完善現代企業制度。準確界定不同國有企業功能。國有資本加大對公益性企業的投入。國有資本繼續控股經營的自然壟斷行業，實行以政企分開、政資分開、特許經營、政府監管為主要內容的改革。進一步破除各種形式的行政壟斷。健全協調運轉、有效制衡的公司法人治理結構。建立職業經理人制度。建立長效激勵約束機制，強化國有企業經營投資責任追究，探索推進國有企業財務預算等重大信息公開。國有企業要合理增加市場化選聘比例，合理確定并嚴格規范國有企業管理人員薪酬水平、職務待遇、職務消費、業務消費。

7. Push for a modern system for State-owned enterprises. Accurately define the functions of different SOEs. Increase State capital's contribution to public services. In the natural monopoly industries held by State capital, the separation of government and enterprises, of government and funds, and of franchise operation and government supervision are the main thrust of the reform. Further break all forms of administrative monopoly. Improve coordinated and effective corporate governance structure. Establish a professional management system. Establish long-term incentive and restraint mechanisms, strengthen SOE's investment accountability and explore ways to publicize important information, including SOEs' financial budgets. State-owned enterprises should reasonably increase the proportion of market-oriented recruitment, reasonably determine and strictly regulate SOE executives' wage levels, and position benefits, consumption and business spending.

8. 支持非公有制經濟健康發展。非公有制經濟在支撐增長、促進創新、擴大就業、增加稅收等方面具有重要作用。堅持權利平等、機會平等、規則平等，廢除對非公有制經濟各種形式的不合理規定，消除各種隱性壁壘，制定非公有制企業進入特許經營領域具體辦法。鼓勵非公有制企業參與國有企業改革，鼓勵發展非公有資本控股的混合所有制企業，鼓勵有條件的私營企業建立現代企業制度。

8. Support the healthy development of the non-public economy, which will play an important role in fostering growth, promoting innovation, expanding employment and increasing tax revenues. Adhere to the equality of rights, equality of opportunity and equality of rules; abolish all forms of unreasonable regulations on the non-public economy, eliminate hidden barriers and fix specific measures promoting non-public enterprises entering franchising fields. Encourage non-public enterprises to participate in SOE reform, encourage their capital holdings of diversified-ownership enterprises and encourage qualified private enterprises to establish modern enterprise systems.