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7月新聞熱詞匯總

中國日報網 2018-07-31 08:50

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7月,俄羅斯世界杯落幕,C羅轉會尤文圖斯;美國對我國輸美商品加征關稅;疫苗事件引爆網絡,國家領導人批示嚴查到底;金磚國家領導人第十次會晤在南非約翰內斯堡舉行,國家主席習近平出席并發表重要講話;泰國普吉島游船傾覆,國內旅行社嚴查出境自助游產品;工業和信息化部向15家企業頒發了虛擬電信網絡服務經營牌照。

 

金磚峰會 BRICS Summit

7月25日,國家主席習近平應邀出席在南非約翰內斯堡舉行的金磚國家工商論壇,并發表題為《順應時代潮流 實現共同發展(Keeping Abreast of the Trend of the Times to Achieve Common Development)》的重要講話。

習近平指出,

金磚機制的誕生和發展,是世界經濟變遷和國際格局演變的產物。在第一個10年里,金磚合作乘勢而起,亮點紛呈。五國秉持開放包容、合作共贏金磚精神,推動各領域務實合作不斷深入,深化了團結互信,增進了五國人民福祉,拉緊了利益和情感紐帶,為世界經濟企穩復蘇并重回增長之路作出了突出貢獻。
The BRICS mechanism owes its birth and growth to evolution of both the global economy and the international landscape. In its first decade, BRICS cooperation got off the ground and bore rich fruit. We five BRICS countries, guided by the BRICS spirit of openness, inclusiveness and win-win cooperation, have deepened our cooperation, enhanced our solidarity and mutual trust, improved the lives of our peoples, and made our bond of interests and friendship even closer. Indeed, our cooperation has contributed much to global economic recovery and growth.

未來10年,將是世界經濟新舊動能轉換的關鍵10年,是國際格局和力量對比加速演變的10年,是全球治理體系深刻重塑的10年。金磚國家要順應歷史大勢,把握發展機遇,合力克服挑戰,為構建新型國際關系、構建人類命運共同體發揮建設性作用。
The next decade will be a crucial one in which new global growth drivers will take the place of old ones, see faster changes in the international landscape and the international alignment of forces and a profound reshaping of the global governance system. We BRICS countries should keep abreast of the historical trend, seize development opportunities, jointly meet challenges, and play a constructive role in building a new type of international relations and a community with a shared future for mankind.

7月26日,金磚國家領導人第十次會晤在南非約翰內斯堡舉行。南非總統拉馬福薩主持。中國國家主席習近平、巴西總統特梅爾、俄羅斯總統普京、印度總理莫迪出席。五國領導人圍繞“金磚國家在非洲:在第四次工業革命中共謀包容增長和共同繁榮(BRICS in Africa: Collaborating for Inclusive Growth and Shared Prosperity in the 4th Industrial Revolution)”主題,就金磚國家合作及共同關心的重大國際問題深入交換看法,達成廣泛共識。

習近平發表了題為《讓美好愿景變為現實(Turn Our Vision into a Reality)》的重要講話,揭示新工業革命突出特點,就金磚合作未來發展提出倡議,強調金磚國家要攜手努力,共同推動建設持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁榮、開放包容、清潔美麗的世界(an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity)。

習近平強調,金磚國家要把握歷史大勢,深化戰略伙伴關系,鞏固“三輪驅動”合作架構,讓第二個“金色十年”的美好愿景變為現實。
We the BRICS countries must have a keen grasp of the trend of our times, deepen our strategic partnership, and consolidate our cooperation framework underpinned by economic, political and security cooperation and people-to-people exchanges. This way, we will be able to turn our vision of a second "Golden Decade" into a reality.

第一,釋放經濟合作巨大潛力。我們要加強貿易投資、財金、互聯互通等領域合作,把合作蛋糕做大做實。堅定維護基于規則的多邊貿易體制,推動貿易和投資自由化便利化,旗幟鮮明反對保護主義。堅持創新引領,通過建設金磚國家新工業革命伙伴關系,加強宏觀經濟政策協調,實現發展戰略深度對接,提升金磚國家及廣大新興市場國家和發展中國家競爭力。
First, we must unlock the enormous potential of our economic cooperation. We need to step up trade, investment, economic, financial, and connectivity cooperation to make this pie still bigger. We must safeguard the rule-based multilateral trading regime, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and reject protectionism outright. It is important that we continue to pursue innovation-driven development and build a Partnership on New Industrial Revolution to strengthen coordination on macroeconomic policies and find more complementarities in our development strategies. By so doing, we hope to enhance the competitiveness of not only BRICS countries but also other emerging markets and developing countries.

第二,堅定維護國際和平安全。我們要繼續高舉多邊主義旗幟,維護聯合國憲章宗旨和原則,敦促各方遵守國際法和國際關系基本準則,以對話解爭端,以協商化分歧,共同構建相互尊重、公平正義、合作共贏的新型國際關系。
Second, we must safeguard global peace and security. We should stay committed to multilateralism and to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. We should call on all parties to abide by international law and basic norms governing international relations and to settle disputes through dialogue and differences through consultation. We can jointly work for a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, equality, justice and win-win cooperation.

第三,深入拓展人文交流合作。我們要繼續以民心相通為宗旨,廣泛開展各領域人文大交流,不斷增進五國人民相互了解和傳統友誼,筑牢金磚合作民意基礎。
Third, we must expand people-to-people exchanges. We should aim at greater people-to-people connectivity and more popular support for BRICS cooperation through extensive exchanges in cultural and other areas, and further enhance the mutual understanding and traditional friendship among our people.

第四,構建緊密伙伴關系網絡。我們要在聯合國、二十國集團等框架內拓展“金磚+”合作,擴大新興市場國家和發展中國家共同利益和發展空間,推動構建廣泛伙伴關系,為世界和平與發展作出更大貢獻。
Fourth, we must build a network of closer partnerships. We may explore "BRICS Plus" cooperation within the United Nations, the G20, and other frameworks to advance the common interests and boost the development space for emerging markets and developing countries, thus contributing more to world peace and development through broader partnerships.


殯葬領域突出問題 acute problems in the funeral-related sector

China will crack down on cemetery speculators and funeral-related fraud in a three-month campaign starting this month to address the most acute problems in the sector, the Ministry of Civil Affairs said.The crackdown will cover all funeral parlors, cemeteries, morgues, rural nonprofit burial sites and ash storage facilities affiliated with religious sites.
民政部表示,我國將從7月起針對墓地投機分子、殯葬服務欺詐等突出問題展開為期3個月的整治行動,將涉及所有殯儀館、公墓、太平間、農村公益墓地以及宗教場所骨灰存放設施等領域。

此次整治的問題主要是兩大類、10種具體情形。

第一大類是公墓建設運營方面(the construction and operation of cemeteries),主要包括8種違法違規情形:

未經批準擅自興建公墓設施(unauthorized cemeteries);

公墓未依法辦理建設用地手續(cemeteries with incomplete legal documents);

未經批準擅自修改公墓建設規劃、擴大建設用地面積(cemetery managers who expand construction beyond what was approved);

除依法向逝者健在配偶等特殊人群預售預租墓穴、骨灰存放格位并確保自用外,向未出具死亡證明、火化證明或遷葬證明的人出售出租墓穴、骨灰存放格位(people who sell graves without asking for proof of death, grave relocation);

建造、出售(租)超規定面積墓穴(墓位)(the building of oversized graves);

違反價格管理規定,對實行政府定價、指導價的墓穴(墓位)超標準收費(overcharging for graves),出售(租)墓穴(墓位)、骨灰存放格位實施價格欺詐、價格壟斷等違法行為;

農村公益性墓地違規出售出租墓穴,從事營利活動(profiting from rural nonprofit cemeteries);

宗教活動場所與商業資本合作,擅自設立骨灰存放設施,違規從事營利活動(charging fees for keeping cremated remains at unauthorized religious sites)。

第二大類是殯葬服務、中介服務和喪葬用品銷售方面(funeral services , funeral agent services and the sale of funeral items),主要包括2種違法違規情形:

提供殯葬服務、中介服務,及銷售喪葬用品不按規定明碼標價(lack of transparency in price),強制服務收費(coercive sales)、只收費不服務行為;

違規經營、欺行霸市行為(monopolies)。

城市公廁云平臺 cloud platform of city toilets

A national cloud platform to help people locate toilets has served more than 100,000 users since Nov 19, the day it popped up online as part of China's so-called toilet revolution, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development said on Wednesday.
住房和城鄉建設部4日表示,自11月9日上線以來,“城市公廁云平臺”用戶已超過10萬人。該平臺是我國廁所革命的舉措之一。

“城市公廁云平臺(cloud platform of city toilets)”技術負責人介紹,通過公眾號、小程序和APP,可以為廣大民眾提供公廁一鍵查詢、導航服務(search and navigation)、入廁評論、問題反饋(comments and feedbacks)等服務,并可實現社會廁所資源的共享。

The database comprises 19,000 public restrooms in 216 cities across 19 provinces, the ministry said.
據介紹,目前已有19個省(直轄市)的216個地市利用平臺共計完成1.9萬多座公廁的數據普查。

“廁所革命”(toilet revolution)是國家旅游局自2015年起在全國范圍內開展的旅游廁所建設和管理行動,旨在用三年時間解決旅游廁所的數量過少(insufficient number of tourist restrooms)、衛生質量低劣(unhygienic conditions)、以及管理缺位(lack of management)問題。

無居民海島 uninhabited islands

The regulation requires any entity or individual wanting to develop uninhabited islands to first submit an application, development plans and project appraisal reports to the ocean authorities for review and approval.
單位或個人申請開發利用無居民海島,應向省級海洋行政主管部門提出申請,并提交無居民海島開發利用申請書、具體方案和項目論證報告。

海南省要求,編制無居民海島(uninhabited islands)開發利用具體方案應依據有關法律法規、規劃、技術標準和規范(in line with requirements of the central and provincial governments to cultivate ocean ecology),合理確定用島面積、用島方式和布局、開發強度等,集約節約利用海島資源;合理確定建筑物、設施的建設總量、高度以及與海岸線的距離(the heights of buildings and facilities, as well as their distance from the coastline should be reasonable),并實行海島保護措施,建立海島生態環境監測站(點)(monitoring stations),防止廢水、廢氣、廢渣、粉塵、放射性物質等對海島及其周邊海域生態系統造成破壞(wastewater, gas, residue, dust and radioactive substances must not damage the ecosystems of the islands and their surrounding waters)。

辦法明確,無居民海島開發利用的最高期限,參照海域使用權的有關規定執行:

The regulation sets a limit of 15 years for aquaculture uses, 25 years for tourism and entertainment, 30 years for salt and mining industries, 40 years for public welfare purposes and 50 years for ports, shipyards and other construction projects.
養殖用島十五年;旅游、娛樂用島二十五年;鹽業、礦業用島三十年;公益事業用島四十年;港口、修造船廠等建設工程用島五十年。

辦法稱,無居民海島開發利用期限屆滿,用島單位或個人需要繼續開發利用的,應當在期限屆滿兩個月前向海南省人民政府申請續期(apply for renewal)。準予續期的,用島單位或個人應當依法繳納續期的無居民海島使用金(pay the lease fee)。未申請續期或申請續期未獲批準的,無居民海島開發利用終止。

垃圾計量收費 garbage charged by weight

China mulls a new policy of charging for solid waste processing as a means of reducing the amount of waste generated. This is the first time the government has advanced a fee for garbage disposal based on weight.
我國計劃出臺固體廢物處理收費新政,以減少垃圾產生量。這是我國首次提出垃圾計量收費。

2日,國家發改委發布《關于創新和完善促進綠色發展價格機制的意見》(guidelines on innovating and improving the price mechanism aimed at promoting green development),要求全面建立覆蓋成本并合理盈利的固體廢物處理收費機制(build a nationwide solid waste disposal charging mechanism that fully covers the cost and allows reasonable profit for waste processing companies),加快建立有利于促進垃圾分類(garbage classification)和減量化、無害化處理的激勵約束機制。

具體措施包括:建立健全城鎮生活垃圾處理(urban domestic garbage disposal)收費機制,完善城鎮生活垃圾分類和減量化激勵機制,探索建立農村垃圾處理收費制度,完善危險廢物處置(hazardous waste disposal)收費機制等四個方面。

發改委稱,2020年底前,全國城市及建制鎮全面建立生活垃圾處理收費制度(a comprehensive charging system for collecting and processing household waste)。

自動駕駛巴士 self-driving bus

One of China's biggest technology companies has declared it has begun mass production of a self-driving bus. Baidu said the vehicles would initially be put to commercial use within Chinese cities but added it was also targeting foreign markets.
中國最大科技公司之一宣布其自動駕駛巴士已開始量產。百度稱這些無人駕駛巴士將首先在中國城市投入商用,但也將以外國市場為目標。

百度首席執行官李彥宏近日在北京舉行的百度AI開發者大會(artificial intelligence developer conference)上宣布,百度和金龍客車合作的全球首款L4級自動駕駛巴士(level-4 self-driving bus)"阿波龍"(Apolong)正式量產下線。這款8座巴士的大小為普通巴士的1/3,沒有駕駛位、方向盤、油門及剎車踏板(It has no driver's seat, steering wheel or pedals)。這款巴士由電力驅動(runs on electric power),充電2小時后最多能行駛100公里(can travel up to 100 km after a two-hour charge)。

根據國際自動機工程師學會(SAE)的自動駕駛分級標準,L4級別為超高度自動駕駛(highly automated driving)級別,在大多數環境下由系統獨自完成所有的駕駛操作(systems can cope with most driving conditions)。它比最高等級5級低一級,L5級別則可擴展到所有駕駛場景(extends to all driving scenarios),包括泥路(dirt roads)和異常天氣條件(unusual weather conditions)等。

李彥宏表示,2018年將是自動駕駛產品化元年(2018 marks the first year of commercialization for autonomous driving),過去中國向世界出口廉價商品(cheap commodities),未來中國將向世界出口人工智能技術(AI technology)。有國外專家認為,從短期看,此類交通工具比自動駕駛小轎車更有可能被公眾接受(such vehicles have a greater chance of public acceptance than self-driving cars)。

C羅轉會尤文圖斯 Cristiano Ronaldo joining Juventus

Cristiano Ronaldo is joining Juventus after the Italian club agreed a €100m fee for the Portugal forward with Real Madrid.
葡萄牙前鋒C羅將轉會意大利足球俱樂部尤文圖斯,后者向皇家馬德里支付的轉會費為1億歐元(約合7.77億元人民幣)。

Ronaldo is signing a four-year contract with an annual salary of around €30m. In Italy clubs have to pay the same amount in tax, which takes the total cost of the transfer to €340m (€100m transfer fee plus €240m in salary and taxes).
C羅將簽約四年,年薪約3000萬歐元。在意大利,俱樂部同時還要支付等額的稅款,因此,C羅此次轉會的總價將高達3.4億歐元(1億歐元的轉會費加上2.4億歐元的薪資及稅款)。

“轉會”可用“transfer”來表達。“轉會”即“職業足球運動員轉至另一足球俱樂部”。有時,依據上下文具體語境,“join”或者“sign (a contract)”也可表達“轉會”之意,比如上面的兩個例句就用了Cristiano Ronaldo is joining Juventus這個表達。

此外,日常生活中,“轉學”也可用“transfer”來表達,如:Some of these students have transferred elsewhere.(已有一些學生轉學到別處了。)

順便提一下,在閱讀有關“transfer”(轉會)的文章時,我們還可經常看到詞組“transfer window”,指國際足聯所允許的"球員轉會期"。國際足聯夏季轉會為期兩個月,于歐洲當地時間7月1日正式啟動,到8月31日午夜12點結束;冬季轉會期為期一個月,于歐洲當地時間1月1日正式啟動,到1月31日午夜12點結束。

騷擾電話 nuisance calls

China will take strong measures to curb spam and nuisance phone calls, and strengthen the management of customers' telecommunication charges, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said on Wednesday.
工信部11日表示,要嚴厲整治垃圾短信、騷擾電話等問題,并加強對用戶通信賬單的管理。

Spam 就是“垃圾短信”,spam 這個詞在互聯網中很常見,就是unwanted e-mail (usually of a commercial nature sent out in bulk) ,即(出于商業目的批量發送的)收件人并不需要的郵件,即“垃圾郵件”。另外,“發送垃圾郵件”這個動作也可以直接用spam來表示,比如:This program lets you spam the newspapers.(這個程序能讓你向各家報紙發送垃圾郵件。)

Nuisance phone calls就是“騷擾電話”,也可以簡寫成nuisance calls,或者用unwanted calls表達。其實,上面的垃圾短信也可以用nuisance texts表示。

針對這些問題,工信部已組織相關通信管理局、各基礎電信企業著手開展三方面的工作:

一是督促電信企業立即糾正錯收費行為(immediately correct mistaken charges),并要求基礎電信企業從下月起以短信方式按月向用戶主動推送通信賬單信息(send detailed billing information to users through SMS beginning next month),讓用戶明明白白消費。

二是立即核實報道所涉具體問題和典型案例,已關停發送垃圾短信的短信端口31個(31 SMS portals have been closed),處置涉嫌營銷擾民的電話號碼及關聯號碼82個(82 telephone numbers linked to harassing calls have been shut down),約談涉事企業,責令其全面自查整改。情況查明后,將依法處理違規企業,問責涉事人員。

三是舉一反三,深入剖析問題根源,堵塞管理漏洞(plug up loopholes in management rules),全面提升運營服務水平(strengthen telecom services and management),努力為廣大人民群眾營造良好的信息通信環境。

貿易霸凌主義 trade hegemony and bullying

China denounced the US' latest threat to impose tariffs on an extra $200 billion worth of Chinese imports as "totally unacceptable" trade hegemony and bullying.
對于美國擬對我2000億美元輸美產品加征關稅的最新威脅,我國11日表示嚴正抗議,稱此舉乃貿易霸凌主義,完全不可接受。

美國貿易代表辦公室(Office of the US Trade Representative)當地時間10日發表聲明,稱美方將對2000億美元從中國進口的商品加徵10%的關稅,清單涉及6031項產品,包括數百種食品以及香煙、煤炭、化學制品、輪胎、貓狗糧(cat and dog food)和電子元件(electronic components)等消費電子產品(consumer electronics)。

商務部對此發表聲明稱,美方以加速升級的方式公布征稅清單(publish a tariff list in a way that escalates tensions),是完全不可接受的。為了維護國家核心利益和人民根本利益(to defend the core interests of the nation and its people),中國政府將一如既往(as always),不得不作出必要反制(be forced to impose necessary countermeasures)。

商務部稱,中方還將呼吁國際社會共同努力(call on mutual efforts from the international community),共同維護自由貿易規則和多邊貿易體制(maintain the practice of free trade and the multilateral trading system),共同反對貿易霸凌主義(trade hegemony and bullying)。與此同時,中方將立即就美方的行為向世界貿易組織追加起訴(tack on the case to its suit against the US at the World Trade Organization)。

自助游產品 self-guided tour products

The Ministry of Culture and Tourism of China required online travel agencies and platforms to examine self-guided tour products on sale and remove those with unacceptable risks.
文化和旅游部要求在線旅游企業和平臺對在售的自助游產品進行排查,對風險過高的產品進行下架處理。

根據旅游文化部網站7日信息,針對本月5日泰國普吉島發生的翻船事件,旅游文化部已印發了關于做好暑期旅游安全工作(ensure summer travel safety)的通知和關于進一步加強出境自助游相關工作的緊急通知(urgent circular)。

5日下午,載有127名中國游客的兩艘游船在泰國普吉島附近海域遭遇暴風雨,發生傾覆(capsize in a storm off the coast of Phuket Island in Thailand),造成47人死亡。事故發生后,文化和旅游部開展暑期旅游市場緊急排查工作,要求各地各景區深入開展安全隱患排查治理(carry out security checks against hidden risks),堅決防范各類涉旅突發事件的發生。文化和旅游部要求,全國各地旅游部門應加強與氣象、海洋、國土資源等部門的聯系(strengthen connections with meteorological, ocean, land and resources and other departments),從而及時、準確地預測預報嚴重水情及惡劣天氣(deliver accurate forecasts and timely alerts for severe water and weather conditions)。

文化和旅游部同時要求在線旅游企業和平臺(online travel agencies and platforms)、旅行社開展緊急排查,下架不合格的自助游產品(suspend unqualified self-guided tour products),要求在線旅游企業和平臺、產品供應商(online travel companies, platforms and product suppliers)在宣傳銷售高風險的出境自助游項目時加強風險提示(better inform travelers of risks),完善出境自助游應急機制(improve their emergency response mechanisms)并明確相關責任(clarify responsibilities)。

暴雨 downpour

Average precipitation in the capital from 8 pm on Sunday to 10 am Monday reached 36.6 millimeters, according to Beijing Meteorological Service.
北京市氣象局表示,15日晚8點至16日上午10點,北京市的平均降水量達到36.6毫米。

Some bridge underpasses were flooded, and some areas near the Xi'erqi subway station were inundated. Some cars broke down in the water.
部分橋下通道被淹,西二旗地鐵站附近部分地區也被水淹沒,部分車輛在水中熄火。

受降雨影響,北京密云白河張家墳水文站流量1300立方米每秒,是1998年以來最大洪水(the biggest flood of the past two decades)。

From Monday afternoon to Wednesday, Beijing will see more rain. On Tuesday, most areas in the capital are expected to receive rainfall of 30 to 40 millimeters. Hourly precipitation may be as high as 50 millimeters.
16日下午至18日,北京將迎來持續降雨。17日,北京大部分地區的降水量都將達到30到40毫米,最大小時降水量或高達50毫米。

在英文報道中,講到“降雨”時通常會出現rain、drizzle、downpour、shower等詞匯。其中,rain是“雨”的總稱,我們通過在這個詞的前面添加不同的形容詞來表示不同程度的降雨。比如:heavy rain(大雨)、light rain(小雨)等。

按照氣象學的概念,不同級別的降雨是按照24小時內的降雨量(precipitation)來劃分的。具體劃分標準如下:

小雨(light rain):1d(或24h)降雨量小于10mm者。

中雨(moderate rain):1d(或24h)降雨量10~25mm者。

大雨(heavy rain):1d(或24h)降雨量25~50mm者。

暴雨(torrential rain):1d(或24h)降雨量50~100mm者。

大暴雨(downpour):1d(或24h)降雨量100~200mm者。

特大暴雨(heavy downpour):1d(或24h)降雨量在200mm以上者。

Drizzle和rain的區別主要看雨滴(water droplet)大小,雨滴直徑在0.2到0.5毫米之間的叫drizzle(細雨,毛毛雨),雨滴直徑在0.5毫米以上的就都是rain了。

Shower則是個另類,指的是在不同時間段、在不同地區出現的間歇性的“陣雨”,從這個“陣”字我們可以看出,這個shower可能短時間在某地降雨強度很大,但是持續時間一般不會太長。如果說部分地區有“零星陣雨”,我們就可以用scattered shower來表示。

人力資源市場 human resources market

China's cabinet has released a provisional regulation on the human resources market to better support employment and entrepreneurship. It is the country's first administrative regulation on job hunting, hiring, and associated services in the human resources market.
國務院發布《人力資源市場暫行條例》,以更好地對就業及創業提供支持。這是我國首次針對人力資源市場的求職、招聘及相關服務發布行政法規。

這里的暫行條例(provisional regulation)是指專屬全國人民代表大會及其常務委員會立法權的事項,在未制定法律前授權國務院制定的行政法規(administrative regulation)。

行政法規中,

“條例(regulations)”指對國家或某一地區政治、經濟、科技等領域的某些重大事項的管理和處置作出比較全面、系統的規定;是對某機關、組織的機構設置、組織辦法、人員配備、任務職權、工作原則、工作秩序和法律責任作出規定或對某類專門人員的任務、職責、義務權利、獎懲作出系統的規定,比如:《計算機軟件保護條例(Regulations for the Protection of Computer Software)》;

“規定(rules/regulations)”指對某一方面的行政工作作部分的規定,主要用于明確提出對國家或某一地區的政治經濟和社會發展的某一方面或某些重大事故的管理或限制,重在強制約束性,比如,《外商投資建筑業企業管理規定(Regulations on Administration of Foreign–Invested Construction Enterprises)》;

“辦法(measures)”指對某一項行政工作作比較具體的規定,是對國家或某一地區政治、經濟和社會發展的有關工作、有關事項的具體辦理、實施提出切實可行的措施,重在可操作性,比如:《紡織品出口自動許可暫行辦法(Interim Measures for Automatic Export Licensing for Textile Products)》。

《人力資源市場暫行條例》規定,用人單位發布或者向人力資源服務機構提供的單位基本情況、招聘人數、招聘條件、工作內容、工作地點、基本勞動報酬等招聘信息,應當真實、合法,不得含有民族、種族、性別、宗教信仰等方面的歧視性內容(discrimination based on ethnicity, race, gender and religion is not allowed in hiring)。

下面這些事情,人力資源服務機構不能做:

——人力資源服務機構接受用人單位委托招聘人員或者開展其他人力資源服務,不得采取欺詐、暴力、脅迫或者其他不正當手段(fraud, violence, threat or other improper behaviors are not allowed),不得以招聘為名牟取不正當利益,不得介紹單位或者個人從事違法活動。

——經營性人力資源服務機構接受用人單位委托提供人力資源服務外包的,不得改變用人單位與個人的勞動關系,不得與用人單位串通侵害個人的合法權益(violating legitimate rights of individuals in collusion with employers is not allowed)。

——人力資源服務機構在業務活動中收集用人單位和個人信息的,不得泄露或者違法使用所知悉的商業秘密和個人信息(no business secret and personal information should be leaked or used in an unlawful way)。

暫行條例指出,發布的招聘信息不真實、不合法,未依法開展人力資源服務業務的,由人力資源社會保障行政部門責令改正;有違法所得的,沒收違法所得(illegal gains confiscated);拒不改正的,處1萬元以上5萬元以下的罰款;情節嚴重的,吊銷人力資源服務許可證(human resources service permit revoked);給個人造成損害的,依法承擔民事責任(civil liability)。違反其他法律、行政法規的,由有關主管部門依法給予處罰。

新增項目 addition of new events

當日在瑞士洛桑舉行的國際奧委會執委會會議通過了有關北京冬奧會項目設置的方案。新增的7個小項為女子單人雪車(women’s mono-bobsleigh)、短道速滑混合團體接力(short track mixed relay)、跳臺滑雪混合團體(ski jumping mixed team event)、自由式滑雪大跳臺(男子、女子)(freestyle skiing big air for men and women)、自由式滑雪空中技巧混合團體(aerials mixed team event)和單板滑雪障礙追逐混合團體(snowboard cross mixed team event)。

"The addition of these new events for Beijing 2022 reflects our continued commitment to make the Olympic Games programs more youthful and gender balanced," said IOC Sports Director Kit McConnell.
國際奧委會體育總監凱特·麥康奈爾說:“北京冬奧會新增小項反映出國際奧委會長期致力于設立更為年輕化與性別均衡的奧運項目。”

With no new venues or fields of play needed for the new events, the program is in line with recommendations set out in Olympic Agenda 2020 and is another step to reducing the overall size of the Games.
新增項目無需新建比賽場館,符合《奧林匹克2020議程》中的建議,同時也是縮減比賽規模的一項舉措。

相比平昌冬奧會,北京冬奧會的參賽運動員總數減少41人,為2892人。提高女性運動員的參賽比例成為賽會一大亮點。

Beijing 2022 will see more female athletes and women's events than any other Winter Olympics, with female quota positions increasing from 41 percent to 45.44 percent.
北京2022年冬奧會的女性運動員和女子項目的數量都將高于之前任何一屆冬奧會,女性所占比例將從41%上升到45.44%。

小學課程 primary-school-level lessons

Kindergartens will no longer be allowed to teach young children primary-school-level lessons, the Ministry of Education announced. Banned subjects include primary-school-level Chinese language, mathematics and English coursework.
教育部近日宣布,禁止幼兒園教授小學階段語文、數學、英語等課程內容。

教育部近日發文,嚴禁幼兒園教授小學課程內容(teach lessons intended for primary school students)。對于提前教授漢語拼音、識字、計算、英語等小學課程內容的,要堅決予以禁止。對于幼兒園布置幼兒完成小學內容家庭作業、組織小學內容有關考試測驗的,要堅決予以糾正。社會培訓機構(private training institutions)也不得以學前班、幼小銜接等名義提前教授小學內容。

教育部還提出要糾正"小學化"教育方式,幼兒園將以游戲為基本活動(playing games will be the basic activity in kindergartens);整治"小學化"教育環境,創設開放的、多樣的區域活動空間(open and multi-purpose areas for different activities),并配備必要的符合幼兒年齡特點的玩教具、游戲材料、圖畫書;對于不具備幼兒園教師資格的,要督促其參加專業技能補償培訓并通過考試取得幼兒園教師資格證(teaching certificate),仍不能取得教師資格的,要限期予以調整;小學堅持零起點教學,堅決糾正在招生中面向幼兒組織小學內容的知識能力測試,或以幼兒參加有關競賽成績及證書作為招生依據(admission to primary school should not refer to any test or contest result)。

猜畫小歌 Guess the Sketch

Google has released its first mini program for WeChat in China. It is a drawing game based on Google's AI image recognition technology
谷歌發布了其首款微信小程序,是基于谷歌人工智能圖像識別技術的一款繪畫游戲。

小程序(mini programs, applet)即在主程序內運行的應用程序(apps that only work within a master app),省去了用戶安裝、退出或進入不同應用程序的麻煩(save users the hassle of installing, and exiting and entering different apps)。谷歌此次推出微信小程序是繼上月向電商公司京東投資5.5億美元后,重返中國消費市場的最新嘗試(the latest step in Google's tiptoe back into China's consumer market)。

這款只能在微信內運行的游戲小程序名為"猜畫小歌(Guess the Sketch)"。在游戲中,玩家要在20秒內按照要求畫出一些日常用品(doodle an assigned everyday item),比如,狗、鞋子或手表。繪畫過程中,人工智能會對畫作的內容進行猜測(throw out its best guesses of the subject),如果AI猜對,玩家得分,進入下一輪(advance the next round)。如果AI猜不出,它會用銷魂的經典谷歌女聲語音說:"我沒看懂你在畫什么?",偶爾還會爆出一句東北話"你畫的啥玩意?"一時間,整個朋友圈都充斥著一股幼兒園美術班的氣息,到處都是玩得不亦樂乎的靈魂畫手。

谷歌官方表示,這款游戲背后的神經網絡技術有超過5000萬個手繪素描的數據群支持(the neural networking behind this game is powered by a dataset of 50 million hand-drawn sketches),展現了谷歌人工智能在計算機視覺方面的發展(showcase Google AI's advances in computer vision)。

最燒錢影片 most expensive movie ever made

China's "most expensive movie ever made" is one of the biggest flops the world has ever seen. "Asura", an epic fantasy film with a $113 million budget from financiers including Alibaba Pictures, was pulled from Chinese cinemas after its opening weekend, when it made just over $7 million.
中國電影史上"最燒錢的影片"成為世界范圍內票房最慘淡的影片之一。由阿里巴巴影業集團等出資方花費1.13億美元(約合7.5億元人民幣)拍攝的史詩奇幻大片《阿修羅》周末上映后已從國內院線撤檔,票房收入僅略超過700萬美元。

有媒體稱,《阿修羅(Asura)》制作方曾希望將此片打造成類似于《指環王(The Lord of the Rings)》的奇幻系列電影(fantasy franchise)。制作方在微博發文稱糟糕的票房是蓄意破壞的結果(blame the abysmal box office showing on sabotage),指控有人涌入移動售票平臺貓眼電影發表負面評論(trolls had flooded the mobile-ticketing platform Maoyan with negative reviews),導致了該片票房的慘敗。

雖然觀眾評分(audience scores)可能對影片票房有一定影響,但影片失敗的原因很可能還包括拙劣的營銷(poor marketing)、對粉絲口味把握不到位等。此外,《阿修羅》上映時遭遇了喜劇電影(comedy-drama)《我不是藥神(Dying to Survive)》等片的強有力競爭,該片上周末票房收入6900萬美元,總票房已超過3.5億美元。

令人震驚的1.06億美元的虧損(a staggering $106 million loss)讓《阿修羅》成為世界范圍內最失敗的影片之一。《辛巴達七海傳奇(Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas)》虧損了1.25億美元,是史上最失敗的影片(the biggest flop ever)。與《阿修羅》有一拼的美國影片(a close analog to Asura in the US)是埃迪·墨菲主演的科幻喜劇(sci-fi comedy)《星際冒險王(The Adventures of Pluto Nash)》。據報道,該片耗資1億美元拍攝,票房收入僅為700萬美元。

疫苗事件 vaccine case

近日,長春長生生物科技有限公司“狂犬病疫苗生產記錄造假”及“百白破疫苗效價不符合規定”兩起事件備受關注。

在國外訪問的中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習近平對吉林長春長生生物疫苗案件作出重要指示指出,長春長生生物科技有限責任公司違法違規生產疫苗行為,性質惡劣,令人觸目驚心(hideous and appalling)。

Relevant departments and local authorities should pay close attention and immediately probe the case to find the truth, Xi said, adding that the investigation should be thorough, the punishment severe, the accountability held seriously, and the case's progress should be publicized on time to address public concern.
有關地方和部門要高度重視,立即調查事實真相,一查到底,嚴肅問責,依法從嚴處理。要及時公布調查進展,切實回應群眾關切。

習近平強調,

It is a bounden responsibility for Party committees and governments at all levels to ensure drug safety and the people's health should always be a top priority. A firm determination should be mustered to improve the country's vaccine management system, resolutely guard the bottom line of safety, and utmost efforts should be made to protect the people's interests and social security and stability.
確保藥品安全是各級黨委和政府義不容辭之責,要始終把人民群眾的身體健康放在首位,以猛藥去疴、刮骨療毒的決心,完善我國疫苗管理體制,堅決守住安全底線,全力保障群眾切身利益和社會安全穩定大局。

此前,李克強總理就疫苗事件作出批示:

The vaccine case has crossed a moral line, and the nation deserves a clear explanation.
此次疫苗事件突破人的道德底線,必須給全國人民一個明明白白的交代。

李克強在批示中要求,

The State Council should immediately send a group to thoroughly investigate the production and selling chain of vaccine, to uncover the truth as soon as possible, and any wrongdoing will be severely punished regardless of who is involved.
國務院要立刻派出調查組,對所有疫苗生產、銷售等全流程全鏈條進行徹查,盡快查清事實真相,不論涉及到哪些企業、哪些人都堅決嚴懲不貸、絕不姑息。

Any illegal acts that could harm the people's lives should be severely cracked down and people behind it punished in accordance with law. Any dereliction of duty in the supervision authority should be held accountable, and we should give the people a living environment that is safe, trustworthy and credible.
對一切危害人民生命安全的違法犯罪行為堅決重拳打擊,對不法分子堅決依法嚴懲,對監管失職瀆職行為堅決嚴厲問責。盡早還人民群眾一個安全、放心、可信任的生活環境。

針對“狂犬病疫苗生產記錄造假”事件,昨日,國家藥監局在官網通報最新調查進展。

According to the investigation, the company counterfeited the vaccine’s production and inspection data, and changed the parameters for equipment and processing the vaccine.
通報說,現已查明,企業編造生產記錄和產品檢驗記錄,隨意變更工藝參數和設備。

目前,已責令企業停止生產(terminate the production),收回藥品生產質量管理規范(Good Manufacturing Practices,GMP)證書,同時會同吉林省局已對企業立案調查,涉嫌犯罪的移送公安機關追究刑事責任(the cases of those suspected of violating laws will be transferred to public security departments)。

GMP(Good Manufacturing Practices),中文含義是“生產質量管理規范”或“良好作業規范”、“優良制造標準”。

Good manufacturing practices (GMP) are the practices required in order to conform to the guidelines recommended by agencies that control the authorization and licensing of the manufacture and sale of food and beverages, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, dietary supplements, and medical devices.
“良好作業規范”是監管部門審批和發放食品飲料、化妝品、藥品、膳食補充劑以及醫療設備時要遵照的規范要求。

These guidelines provide minimum requirements that a manufacturer must meet to assure that their products are consistently high in quality, from batch to batch, for their intended use. The rules that govern each industry may differ significantly; however, the main purpose of GMP is always to prevent harm from occurring to the end user.
這些規范是生產方確保所有批次產品保證高質量并且有效的基本要求,每個行業的具體規范或有不同,但GMP的核心目標是防止產品對終端用戶產生有害影響。

國家藥監局表示,已部署全國疫苗生產企業進行自查,確保企業按批準的工藝組織生產,嚴格遵守GMP生產規范,所有生產檢驗過程數據要真實、完整、可靠,可以追溯。

國家藥監局將組織對所有疫苗生產企業進行飛行檢查(unannounced inspections),對違反法律法規規定的行為要嚴肅查處。

根據習近平指示和李克強要求,國務院已建立專門工作機制(establish a task-force),并派出調查組進駐長春長生生物科技有限責任公司進行立案調查。吉林省成立省市兩級案件查處領導小組,配合國務院調查組做好相關工作,并結合此案件全面排查高風險藥品企業(look into all other high-risk pharmaceutical companies)。

目前,長春長生董事長高某芳等15名涉案人員已被長春新區公安分局依法刑事拘留(criminal detention);吉林、山東兩省紀委監委啟動對長春長生疫苗案可能存在的腐敗問題展開調查(conduct inspections regarding any possible corruption problems)。

移動通信轉售業務 mobile communication resale business

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China's top industry regulator, granted licenses to 15 companies on Monday to run virtual telecom network services.
工業和信息化部23日向15家企業頒發了虛擬電信網絡服務經營牌照。

移動通信轉售業務(mobile communication resale business)就是俗稱的虛擬運營商(virtual network operator),是指從擁有移動通信網絡(mobile communication network)的基礎電信運營商那里購買通信服務,重新包裝成自有品牌并銷售給用戶的電信服務(rebrand and sell telecom services)。目前市場上以170,171開頭的手機號就是虛擬運營商號碼。

2013年5月,工信部為鼓勵引導民間資本(private capital)進入電信領域,發布移動通信業務轉售方案。從2013年底首批牌照發放以來,共有42家企業分5批獲得虛擬運營商試點牌照(pilot operation licenses)。

As of December 2017, China boasts more than 60 million virtual network service subscribers, accounting for 4.1 percent of the country's total mobile users, data from the ministry showed. The industry has already attracted direct private investment worth 3.2 billion yuan ($500 million), and has helped to create nearly 60,000 jobs.
工信部數據顯示,截止2017年12月,我國的虛擬網絡服務用戶超過6000萬,占全國移動通信用戶的4.1%。虛擬網絡服務行業吸引民間投資32億元,創造了近6萬個工作崗位。

According to the official website of the ministry, Alibaba Group Holding Ltd, Xiaomi Corp and JD are among the 15 companies that have got the licenses from the government.They are the first batch of players that have inked cooperation agreements with China Unicom.
工信部官網顯示,阿里巴巴、小米及京東均在此次獲得牌照的15家企業之列。他們也是首批與中國聯通簽署合作協議的企業。

文創產品 cultural and creative product

7月1日,“全球四大博物館”之一的大英博物館在天貓平臺開設旗艦店。

The store sells tapes, handbags, mobile phone shells and other items with various themes such as the Rosetta stone, Egyptian mummy, Japanese art The Great Wave off Kanagawa and the Isle of Lewis chess pieces.
店里出售各種主題的膠帶、手包、手機殼等商品,主題包括羅塞塔石碑、埃及木乃伊、日本名畫“神奈川沖浪里”以及劉易斯島象棋等。

7月16日,眾多自媒體大V在微博陸續發布大英博物館開通旗艦店的消息,迅速引起了廣大網友的注意。

The store first launched 20 items, 15 of which have been temporarily sold out. The store attracted over 30,000 followers on the first day, according to 36Kr, a Chinese technology news provider, with the number having grown sharply to 131,000 as of July 23.
首批發售的20款產品中,15款已經暫時售罄。據國內科技新聞網站36氪報道,該店鋪上線首日就吸引了3萬多粉絲,到7月23日,已經達到13.1萬。

最近幾年,隨著國家對文創產業的大力支持,人們對博物館的“副業”也越發熟悉。

The Palace Museum, known as the largest museum in China, now has one Taobao store and one Tmall store with a total of around 3.66 million followers. The two stores have over 500 products for sale, several of which registered monthly sales volume of more than 10,000.
故宮在淘寶和天貓的兩家店共有約366萬粉絲,目前在售的商品超過500件,其中部分商品的月銷量超過1萬件。

By the end of 2016, the Palace Museum has created 9170 cultural products and the revenue coming from sales of such products in 2016 surpassed 1 billion yuan (147.3 million US dollars).
截止2016年年底,故宮開發的文創產品達9170件,2016年的文創產品銷售收入超過10億元。

此外,國家博物館、蘇州博物館、陜西歷史博物館等也都在近幾年開通了線上旗艦店。

全國統一醫保 a unified national medical insurance service

A unified national medical insurance service, from which both urban and rural residents enjoy equal benefits, will be in place by 2019, said the state medical insurance administration.
國家醫保局表示,2019年全國范圍內統一的城鄉居民醫保制度將全面啟動實施。

《通知》要求,提高城鄉居民醫保籌資標準。2018年城鄉居民醫保財政補助和個人繳費標準同步提高。

Each citizen receives the minimum 490 yuan from the government in his or her medical insurance account a year on average and is required to deposit 220 yuan from his or her pocket. Both figures are 40 yuan higher than 2017.
各級財政人均補助標準在2017年基礎上新增40元,達到每人每年不低于490元。人均個人繳費標準同步新增40元,達到每人每年220元。

通知明確,鞏固完善異地就醫住院費用直接結算工作(direct settlement of hospitalized expense in places away from one's hometown),妥善解決農民工(migrant workers)和“雙創”人員異地就醫問題,為城鄉居民規范轉外就醫提供方便快捷服務,減少跑腿墊資。

(中國日報網英語點津 Helen)

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