雖然自戀的人不討人喜歡，但是事實證明，自戀者往往更容易獲得升職。研究發現，自戀者會高估自己的貢獻，并喜歡自我宣傳，而在職場中，主管們更愿意提拔這樣的員工，而且并不反感這種自我宣傳行為。

Ever wondered how narcissistic individuals often rise to power? This study may have some clues. A narcissist's self-image may do a great job of encouraging their managers to promote them, according to a recent study in the Journal of Personality.

你有沒有好奇過為什么自戀的人通常都能獲得升職？這項研究可能會給你提供一些線索。近日發表在《人格雜志》上的一項研究指出，自戀者塑造的自我形象可能會極大地鼓勵主管提拔他們。

The research included two questionnaire-based studies of 259 employees and 178 supervisors total where each assessed multiple statements regarding themselves and a potentially promotable employee respectively.

該研究基于兩項分別面向259名員工和178名主管的問卷調查。研究人員讓前者根據不同表述對自身情況做出評估，并讓后者回答什么樣的員工可能獲得升職。

Some examples of statements the employees were expected to assess "I am an extraordinary person," "in my work team, I think I have a great deal of power," and other questions from the Narcissistic Personality Inventory test as far as their self-image.

員工需要進行對照評估的表述包括“我是一個杰出的人”、“在我的工作團隊里，我認為自己很強”以及其他和自我形象有關的問題。這些問題均出自自戀人格量表。

Supervisors would answer statements such as "I would recommend this employee for a promotion," and "This employee has a good chance of climbing the organizational ladder" based on the employees' remarked traits.

主管人員則基于員工的自我評估來回答問卷上的表述，比如“我會推薦這名員工升職”、“這名員工很可能被提拔”等。

Lastly, 181 supervisors then received profiles of fictional narcissist employees and determined whether they would "promote" them.

最后，181名主管將會收到虛構的自戀員工的檔案，并決定是否會給他們“升職”。

The results showed that narcissist employees were more self-promotional of their work and had an inflated sense of power in the workplace. It also showed that supervisors were more likely to promote employees who displayed these narcissistic traits, possibly due to their grandiose perception and displays of power.

結果顯示，自戀的員工更愛宣傳自己的工作成績，而且會高估自己在職場中的能力。研究還發現，主管更可能提拔那些展現自戀特征的員工，可能是因為他們能制造出華麗的假象，并給人強有力的感覺。

According to a 2016 study, narcissist individuals were more likely to believe that they make for effective and superior leaders, which could correlate with self-promotional behaviors like higher regard for their role in a work project.

2016年的一項研究顯示，自戀者更可能認為自己能成為高效的上級領導，這些人喜歡自我宣傳，并會高估自己在工作項目中發揮的作用。

The results showed that this self-promotional behavior was not viewed negatively by the supervisors in the study, and could be viewed as a positive trait depending on the workplace.

該研究結果指出，受訪主管對這種自我宣傳行為并不反感，在某些工作場所中自我宣傳還被視為一種積極的特質。

Does this mean you have to be a narcissist to get promoted? Not quite, but there could be some self-confidence lessons to be learned.

這是否意味著你必須自戀才能升職？不完全是這樣，但是你可以學著讓自己更自信一些。

英文來源：雅虎新聞

翻譯&編輯：丹妮