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關(guān)于《中共中央關(guān)于黨的百年奮斗重大成就和歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)的決議》的說明
Explanation of the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century

習(xí)近平
Xi Jinping

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受中央政治局委托，我就《中共中央關(guān)于黨的百年奮斗重大成就和歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)的決議》起草的有關(guān)情況向全會(huì)作說明。
On behalf of the Political Bureau of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), I will now brief you on the Resolution of the CPC Central Committee on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century and related issues.

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一、關(guān)于黨的十九屆六中全會(huì)議題的考慮
I. Considerations on the Agenda of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee

我們黨歷來高度注重總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)。早在延安時(shí)期，毛澤東同志就指出：“如果不把黨的歷史搞清楚，不把黨在歷史上所走的路搞清楚，便不能把事情辦得更好。”在爭(zhēng)取抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)最后勝利的關(guān)頭，1945年，黨的六屆七中全會(huì)通過了《關(guān)于若干歷史問題的決議》，對(duì)建黨以后特別是黨的六屆四中全會(huì)至遵義會(huì)議前這一段黨的歷史及其經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，對(duì)若干重大歷史問題作出了結(jié)論，使全黨特別是黨的高級(jí)干部對(duì)中國(guó)革命基本問題的認(rèn)識(shí)達(dá)到了一致，增強(qiáng)了全黨團(tuán)結(jié)，為黨的七大勝利召開創(chuàng)造了充分條件，有力促進(jìn)了中國(guó)革命事業(yè)發(fā)展。
Our Party has always attached great importance to reviewing its historical experience. As early as in the Yan’an period, Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out, “We will not be able to achieve greater success unless we have a clear understanding of our history and of the roads we have traveled.”

In 1945, at the critical juncture for securing final victory in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Sixth CPC Central Committee convened its seventh plenary session and adopted the Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party. The resolution reviewed the history of the Party and the experience it had gained and lessons it had learned since its founding in 1921, especially those in the period between the fourth plenary session of the Sixth Central Committee in January 1931 and the Zunyi Meeting in January 1935. It drew conclusions on major historical issues of the Party, leading to a broad consensus among all Party members, particularly high-ranking officials, on fundamental questions pertaining to the Chinese revolution. It served to strengthen the solidarity of the Party, paved the way for the convocation of the Seventh CPC National Congress, and helped advance the Chinese revolution significantly.

進(jìn)入改革開放新時(shí)期，鄧小平同志說：“歷史上成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是寶貴財(cái)富，錯(cuò)誤的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、失敗的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也是寶貴財(cái)富。這樣來制定方針政策，就能統(tǒng)一全黨思想，達(dá)到新的團(tuán)結(jié)。這樣的基礎(chǔ)是最可靠的。”1981年，黨的十一屆六中全會(huì)通過了《關(guān)于建國(guó)以來黨的若干歷史問題的決議》，回顧了新中國(guó)成立以前黨的歷史，總結(jié)了社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)一些重大事件和重要人物作出了評(píng)價(jià)，特別是正確評(píng)價(jià)了毛澤東同志和毛澤東思想，分清了是非，糾正了“左”右兩方面的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)，統(tǒng)一了全黨思想，對(duì)推動(dòng)黨團(tuán)結(jié)一致向前看、更好推進(jìn)改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)產(chǎn)生了重大影響。
When our country entered a new period marked by the launch of reform and opening up, Comrade Deng Xiaoping noted, “The experience of successes is invaluable, and so are the lessons learned from mistakes and setbacks. Principles and policies formulated on the basis of the experience gained and lessons learned will unify all Party members in thinking. The unity so formed is most reliable.”

In 1981, at its sixth plenary session, the 11th Party Central Committee adopted the Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China. The resolution reviewed the Party’s history in the period before the founding of the People’s Republic and summarized the experience it had gained in the course of socialist revolution and construction.

The resolution gave assessments of certain major events and important figures, particularly a correct appraisal of Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought. It drew a clear distinction between right and wrong and corrected the erroneous “Leftist” and Rightist viewpoints existing at the time. Through the resolution, the Party came to a clear consensus and was more united than ever in support of a forward-looking approach. All this provided a strong impetus to the Party’s endeavors in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.

現(xiàn)在，距離第一個(gè)歷史決議制定已經(jīng)過去了76年，距離第二個(gè)歷史決議制定也過去了40年。40年來，黨和國(guó)家事業(yè)大大向前發(fā)展了，黨的理論和實(shí)踐也大大向前發(fā)展了。站在新的歷史起點(diǎn)上，回顧過去，展望未來，全面總結(jié)黨的百年奮斗重大成就和歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)特別是改革開放40多年來的重大成就和歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)，既有客觀需要，也具備主觀條件。
Seventy-six years have passed since the adoption of the Party’s first resolution on historical issues, and 40 years since the second. The past four decades have witnessed tremendous progress in the cause of the Party and the country and tremendous advances for the Party in theoretical and practical terms.

We have now arrived at a new historic milestone. As we look back and set our sights on the future, we have both an objective need and the subjective conditions for a full review of our Party’s major achievements and historical experience over the past century, especially those in the 40-plus years of reform and opening up.

黨中央認(rèn)為，在黨成立一百周年的重要?dú)v史時(shí)刻，在黨和人民勝利實(shí)現(xiàn)第一個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)、全面建成小康社會(huì)，正在向著全面建成社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)的第二個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)的重大歷史關(guān)頭，全面總結(jié)黨的百年奮斗重大成就和歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)推動(dòng)全黨進(jìn)一步統(tǒng)一思想、統(tǒng)一意志、統(tǒng)一行動(dòng)，團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全國(guó)各族人民奪取新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義新的偉大勝利，具有重大現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和深遠(yuǎn)歷史意義。
The Central Committee considers it important in both a practical and historical sense to have a comprehensive review of the major achievements and historical experience of the Party over the past century as we celebrate its centenary and the fulfillment of the First Centenary Goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and move on toward the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects. This review will help build a broader consensus and stronger unity in will and action among all members and rally and lead Chinese people of all ethnic groups in achieving new and great success in building socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

黨中央認(rèn)為，黨的百年奮斗歷程波瀾壯闊，時(shí)間跨度長(zhǎng)，涉及范圍廣，需要研究的問題多。總的是要按照總結(jié)歷史、把握規(guī)律、堅(jiān)定信心、走向未來的要求，把黨走過的光輝歷程總結(jié)好，把黨團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)人民取得的輝煌成就總結(jié)好，把黨推進(jìn)革命、建設(shè)、改革的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)好，把黨的十八大以來黨和國(guó)家事業(yè)砥礪奮進(jìn)的理論和實(shí)踐總結(jié)好。具體來說，就是要深入研究黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民進(jìn)行革命、建設(shè)、改革的百年歷程，全面總結(jié)黨從勝利走向勝利的偉大歷史進(jìn)程、為國(guó)家和民族建立的偉大歷史功績(jī)；深入研究黨堅(jiān)持把馬克思主義基本原理同中國(guó)具體實(shí)際相結(jié)合、同中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化相結(jié)合，不斷推進(jìn)馬克思主義中國(guó)化的百年歷程，深化對(duì)新時(shí)代黨的創(chuàng)新理論的理解和掌握；深入研究黨不斷維護(hù)黨的團(tuán)結(jié)、維護(hù)黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的百年歷程，深刻領(lǐng)悟加強(qiáng)黨的政治建設(shè)這個(gè)馬克思主義政黨的鮮明特征和政治優(yōu)勢(shì)；深入研究黨為中國(guó)人民謀幸福、為中華民族謀復(fù)興的百年歷程，深刻認(rèn)識(shí)黨同人民生死相依、休戚與共的血肉聯(lián)系，更好為人民謀幸福、依靠人民創(chuàng)造歷史偉業(yè)；深入研究黨加強(qiáng)自身建設(shè)、推進(jìn)自我革命的百年歷程，增強(qiáng)全面從嚴(yán)治黨永遠(yuǎn)在路上的堅(jiān)定和執(zhí)著，確保黨在新時(shí)代堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的歷史進(jìn)程中始終成為堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心；深入研究歷史發(fā)展規(guī)律和大勢(shì)，始終掌握新時(shí)代新征程黨和國(guó)家事業(yè)發(fā)展的歷史主動(dòng)，增強(qiáng)錨定既定奮斗目標(biāo)、意氣風(fēng)發(fā)走向未來的勇氣和力量。
The Central Committee understands that the Party has gone through an extraordinary journey over the past century. The great endeavors of the Party span a long period of time, cover a wide range of fields, and involve many issues that merit our careful study. As a general requirement, we need to review our history and understand the underlying dynamics of its development so as to prepare for the future with greater confidence.

To this end, we need to relive the glories of the Party and appreciate how the Party has rallied and led the Chinese people in making magnificent achievements. We need to take stock of the invaluable experience the Party has gained in carrying out revolution, construction, and reform, and summarize the Party’s theories and practices that have proved successful in advancing the cause of the Party and the country since the 18th CPC National Congress.

To be more specific, we need to revisit the Party’s century-long history of leading the people in carrying out revolution, construction, and reform. We need to review the Party’s great historical course of achieving one victory after another and the historic accomplishments the Party has achieved in the interests of the country and the nation.

We need to revisit the Party’s century-long history in which the Party has advanced Marxism in the Chinese context by adapting the basic tenets of Marxism to China’s realities and fine traditional culture, and we need to gain a deeper understanding of the Party’s innovative theories for the new era.

We need to revisit the Party’s century-long history in which the Party has maintained unity and upheld the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership. We need to appreciate the significance of enhancing the Party’s political development, which is a distinctive feature and political strength of a Marxist party such as ours.

We need to revisit the Party’s century-long journey in pursuit of happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. We must always bear in mind that the Party and the people are inextricably connected and rise and fall together. It is only with such understanding that we Party members can better devote ourselves to the benefit of the people and rely on them in our endeavor for greater accomplishments.

We need to revisit the Party’s century-long journey in which it has grown stronger through self-improvement and self-reform. We must never falter in exercising full and rigorous self-governance of the Party and must see this as a mission that is forever ongoing so as to make sure that the Party always remains a powerful leadership core in the endeavor to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

We need to fully appreciate the laws and prevailing trends of history, seize the historical initiative in the cause of the Party and the country throughout our new journey in the new era, and galvanize even greater courage and strength for keeping to our set goals and striding ahead with pride and confidence.

黨中央認(rèn)為，總結(jié)黨的百年奮斗重大成就和歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)，要堅(jiān)持辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義的方法論，用具體歷史的、客觀全面的、聯(lián)系發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)來看待黨的歷史。要堅(jiān)持正確黨史觀、樹立大歷史觀，準(zhǔn)確把握黨的歷史發(fā)展的主題主線、主流本質(zhì)，正確對(duì)待黨在前進(jìn)道路上經(jīng)歷的失誤和曲折，從成功中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)，從失誤中吸取教訓(xùn)，不斷開辟走向勝利的道路。要旗幟鮮明反對(duì)歷史虛無主義，加強(qiáng)思想引導(dǎo)和理論辨析，澄清對(duì)黨史上一些重大歷史問題的模糊認(rèn)識(shí)和片面理解，更好正本清源。
The Central Committee considers it essential to follow the methodology of dialectical and historical materialism in the review of the Party’s major achievements and historical experience over the past century. We need to look at the Party’s history from a concrete, objective, and holistic perspective while recognizing that it is interconnected and evolving.

We need to maintain a rational outlook on Party history and see history from a broader perspective so as to develop an accurate understanding of the underlying trends and defining features of the CPC’s history of evolution.

We need to properly address the mistakes and setbacks that have occurred on the Party’s path forward. We should draw experience from our successes and learn lessons from our mistakes so as to score new victories.

We need to do better at setting things straight, taking a clear-cut stance against historical nihilism, strengthening ideological guidance and theoretical analysis, and clearing up confusion and misunderstandings over certain major questions in the Party’s history.

對(duì)這次全會(huì)決議起草，黨中央明確要求著重把握好以下幾點(diǎn)。
The Central Committee has made it clear that the following are the top priorities in drafting the resolution to be adopted at this session:

第一，聚焦總結(jié)黨的百年奮斗重大成就和歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)。我們黨已先后制定了兩個(gè)歷史決議。從建黨到改革開放之初，黨的歷史上的重大是非問題，這兩個(gè)歷史決議基本都解決了，其基本論述和結(jié)論至今仍然適用。改革開放以來，盡管黨的工作中也出現(xiàn)過一些問題，但總體上講黨和國(guó)家事業(yè)發(fā)展是順利的，前進(jìn)方向是正確的，取得的成就是舉世矚目的。基于此，這次全會(huì)決議要把著力點(diǎn)放在總結(jié)黨的百年奮斗重大成就和歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)上，以推動(dòng)全黨增長(zhǎng)智慧、增進(jìn)團(tuán)結(jié)、增加信心、增強(qiáng)斗志。
1. The resolution must focus on the Party’s major achievements and historical experience over the past century.

Our Party has already produced two resolutions on historical issues. These settled controversies on major issues in Party history in the period from its founding to the early stage of reform and opening up, and their basic points and conclusions remain valid.

Since reform and opening up began, the cause of the Party and the country has generally speaking made smooth progress in the right direction with achievements that have earned worldwide recognition, despite certain problems that have occurred in the Party’s work. In view of this, the resolution to be adopted at this session should focus on a review of the Party’s major achievements and historical experience over the past century. This will help pool our wisdom, strengthen our unity, and boost our confidence and morale.

第二，突出中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義新時(shí)代這個(gè)重點(diǎn)。這次全會(huì)決議重點(diǎn)總結(jié)新時(shí)代黨和國(guó)家事業(yè)取得的歷史性成就、發(fā)生的歷史性變革和積累的新鮮經(jīng)驗(yàn)，主要考慮是，對(duì)黨在新民主主義革命時(shí)期、社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)時(shí)期、黨的十一屆三中全會(huì)到黨的十一屆六中全會(huì)期間的歷史，前兩個(gè)歷史決議已經(jīng)作過系統(tǒng)總結(jié)；對(duì)改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新時(shí)期的成就和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，黨的十一屆三中全會(huì)召開二十周年、三十周年時(shí)黨中央都進(jìn)行了認(rèn)真總結(jié)，我在慶祝改革開放四十周年大會(huì)上發(fā)表講話，也作了系統(tǒng)總結(jié)。因此，對(duì)黨的十八大之前的歷史時(shí)期，這次全會(huì)決議要在已有總結(jié)和結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行概述。突出中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義新時(shí)代這個(gè)重點(diǎn)，有利于引導(dǎo)全黨進(jìn)一步堅(jiān)定信心，聚焦我們正在做的事情，以更加昂揚(yáng)的姿態(tài)邁進(jìn)新征程、建功新時(shí)代。
2. The resolution must highlight the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

This resolution places emphasis on the new era, mainly reviewing the historic achievements and the historic shifts in the cause of the Party and the country, and the latest experience that the Party has gained during this period. This is because the previous two resolutions on historical issues were devoted to Party history during the new-democratic revolution period, the period of socialist revolution and construction, and the period between the third plenary session of the 11th Central Committee in 1978 and its sixth plenary session in 1981.

As for the achievements and experience from the period marked by reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, the Central Committee has already conducted earnest reviews on the occasions of the 20th and 30th anniversary celebrations of the third plenary session of the 11th CPC Central Committee. I also gave a systematic analysis of the achievements and experience from this period in my address at a gathering marking the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up.

Therefore, the resolution before us needs to focus on the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics along with a brief summary of Party history prior to the 18th National Congress based on existing reviews and conclusions. This will help further fortify confidence among all Party members, focus on our current endeavors, and enable us to forge ahead on the new journey with greater morale and make still greater contributions in the new era.

第三，對(duì)重大事件、重要會(huì)議、重要人物的評(píng)價(jià)注重同黨中央已有結(jié)論相銜接。關(guān)于黨的十八大之前黨的歷史上的重大事件、重要會(huì)議、重要人物，前兩個(gè)歷史決議、黨的一系列重要文獻(xiàn)都有過大量論述，都鄭重作過結(jié)論。這次全會(huì)決議堅(jiān)持這些基本論述和結(jié)論。黨的十八大以來，我在慶祝中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立九十五周年大會(huì)、慶祝中國(guó)人民解放軍建軍九十周年大會(huì)、慶祝中華人民共和國(guó)成立七十周年大會(huì)特別是慶祝中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立一百周年大會(huì)等重要會(huì)議上，對(duì)黨的歷史都作過總結(jié)和論述，體現(xiàn)了黨中央對(duì)黨的百年奮斗的新認(rèn)識(shí)。這次全會(huì)決議要體現(xiàn)這些新認(rèn)識(shí)。
3. The resolution’s appraisal of major events, significant meetings, and important figures must be consistent with the Party Central Committee’s existing conclusions.

The previous two resolutions, along with the Party’s long list of important literature, document the major events, meetings, and figures in Party history prior to its 18th National Congress, and contain well-considered conclusions on historical issues. These points and conclusions are to be upheld in the new resolution.

Since the 18th National Congress, I have spoken about Party history and the Party’s conclusions on historical issues on a number of important occasions, including events marking the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Party, the 90th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army, the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and the Party’s centenary in particular. These statements represent an updated understanding on the part of the Central Committee of the Party’s century-long history. This updated understanding needs to be reflected in the new resolution.