國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室3日發(fā)表《中國(guó)殘疾人體育事業(yè)發(fā)展和權(quán)利保障》白皮書(shū)。全文如下：

The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China published a white paper titled "China's Parasports: Progress and the Protection of Rights" on Thursday.

Following is the full text of the white paper:

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中國(guó)殘疾人體育事業(yè)發(fā)展和權(quán)利保障

中華人民共和國(guó)

國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦公室

2022年3月

China's Parasports:

Progress and the Protection of Rights

The State Council Information Office of

the People's Republic of China

March 2022

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目錄

前言

一、國(guó)家發(fā)展促進(jìn)殘疾人體育進(jìn)步

1.新中國(guó)成立后殘疾人體育活動(dòng)逐步開(kāi)展

2.殘疾人體育在改革開(kāi)放中快速發(fā)展

3.新時(shí)代殘疾人體育取得歷史性成就

二、殘疾人群眾性體育活動(dòng)廣泛開(kāi)展

1.殘疾人體育活動(dòng)豐富多彩

2.全國(guó)性殘疾人體育活動(dòng)風(fēng)生水起

3.殘疾人大眾冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)蓬勃發(fā)展

4.殘疾人康復(fù)健身體育服務(wù)不斷改善

5.殘疾人體育教學(xué)科研取得進(jìn)步

三、殘疾人競(jìng)技體育水平不斷提高

1.在重大國(guó)際殘疾人體育賽事中表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異

2.全國(guó)性殘疾人體育賽事影響不斷擴(kuò)大

3.冬殘奧運(yùn)動(dòng)水平快速提升

4.殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員培養(yǎng)保障機(jī)制逐步完善

四、為世界殘疾人體育運(yùn)動(dòng)作出貢獻(xiàn)

1.成功舉辦亞洲綜合性殘疾人體育賽事

2.圓滿(mǎn)舉辦上海特奧會(huì)

3.高水平舉辦北京殘奧會(huì)

4.全力籌辦北京2022年冬殘奧會(huì)

5.積極參與國(guó)際殘疾人體育事務(wù)

6.深入開(kāi)展殘疾人體育國(guó)際交流

五、殘疾人體育展現(xiàn)中國(guó)人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展進(jìn)步

1.堅(jiān)持以人民為中心，促進(jìn)殘疾人身心健康

2.堅(jiān)持立足中國(guó)國(guó)情，促進(jìn)殘疾人平等融合

3.堅(jiān)持同等重視各類(lèi)人權(quán)，實(shí)現(xiàn)殘疾人全面發(fā)展

4.堅(jiān)持推進(jìn)國(guó)際合作，加強(qiáng)殘疾人體育交流

結(jié)束語(yǔ)

Contents

Preamble

I. Parasports Have Progressed Through National Development

II. Physical Activities for Persons with Disabilities Have Flourished

III. Performances in Parasports Are Improving Steadily

IV. Contributing to International Parasports

V. Achievements in Parasports Reflect Improvements in China's Human Rights

Conclusion

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前言

體育對(duì)包括殘疾人在內(nèi)的每個(gè)人的生活都具有重要價(jià)值。殘疾人體育是殘疾人增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)、康復(fù)身心、參與社會(huì)、實(shí)現(xiàn)全面發(fā)展的有效途徑；是人們認(rèn)識(shí)殘疾人潛能與價(jià)值、促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧共進(jìn)的獨(dú)特渠道。發(fā)展殘疾人體育，對(duì)于保障殘疾人平等權(quán)利、促進(jìn)殘疾人融合發(fā)展、推動(dòng)殘疾人共享經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展成果，具有重要意義。殘疾人體育重在參與，這是殘疾人的一項(xiàng)重要權(quán)利，是人權(quán)保障的重要內(nèi)容。

以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央十分關(guān)心殘疾人，高度重視殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展。中共十八大以來(lái)，在習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想指引下，中國(guó)將殘疾人事業(yè)納入“五位一體”總體布局和“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，采取切實(shí)有效措施促進(jìn)殘疾人體育蓬勃發(fā)展。殘疾人體育運(yùn)動(dòng)水平不斷提高，殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員自強(qiáng)不息、頑強(qiáng)拼搏、為國(guó)爭(zhēng)光、激勵(lì)社會(huì)，殘疾人體育事業(yè)取得歷史性成就。

北京2022年冬殘奧會(huì)開(kāi)幕在即，全世界的目光再次聚焦殘疾人體育健兒，中國(guó)殘疾人體育迎來(lái)新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，必將推動(dòng)國(guó)際殘疾人體育運(yùn)動(dòng)“一起向未來(lái)”。

Preamble

Sports are important for all individuals, including those with a disability. Developing parasports is an effective way to help persons with disabilities to improve physical fitness, pursue physical and mental rehabilitation, participate in social activities, and achieve all-round development. It also provides a special opportunity for the public to better understand the potential and value of the disabled, and promote social harmony and progress. In addition, developing parasports is of great importance in ensuring that persons with disabilities can enjoy equal rights, integrate readily into society, and share the fruits of economic and social progress. Participation in sports is an important right of persons with disabilities as well as an integral component of human rights protection.

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Xi Jinping at the core attaches great importance to the cause of the disabled, and provides them with extensive care. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China has included this cause in the Five-sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy, and taken concrete and effective measures to develop parasports. With the steady advance of parasports in China, many athletes with disabilities have worked hard and won honors for the country in the international arena, inspiring the public through their sporting prowess. Historic progress has been made in developing sports for persons with disabilities.

With the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games just around the corner, athletes with disabilities are once again drawing global attention. The Games will certainly provide an opportunity for the development of parasports in China; they will enable the international parasports movement to advance "together for a shared future".

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一、國(guó)家發(fā)展促進(jìn)殘疾人體育進(jìn)步

新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)，在社會(huì)主義革命和建設(shè)、改革開(kāi)放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)、新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大進(jìn)程中，伴隨著殘疾人事業(yè)的發(fā)展，殘疾人體育不斷發(fā)展壯大，走出一條具有中國(guó)特色、符合時(shí)代潮流的殘疾人體育發(fā)展之路。

1.新中國(guó)成立后殘疾人體育活動(dòng)逐步開(kāi)展。1949年中華人民共和國(guó)成立，實(shí)現(xiàn)了人民當(dāng)家作主，殘疾人在政治上獲得了和其他人平等的地位，享受應(yīng)有的公民權(quán)利和義務(wù)。1954年制定的《中華人民共和國(guó)憲法》規(guī)定，殘疾人“有獲得物質(zhì)幫助的權(quán)利”。福利工廠(chǎng)、福利機(jī)構(gòu)、特殊教育學(xué)校、殘疾人社會(huì)組織和友善的社會(huì)環(huán)境保障了殘疾人的基本權(quán)益，改善了殘疾人的生活。新中國(guó)成立初期，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨和中國(guó)政府就非常重視全民體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，基于學(xué)校、工廠(chǎng)、療養(yǎng)院的殘疾人體育逐步發(fā)展起來(lái)。廣大殘疾人積極參與體育活動(dòng)，開(kāi)展了廣播操、生產(chǎn)操、乒乓球、籃球、拔河等體育活動(dòng)，為殘疾人體育的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。1957年，第一屆全國(guó)青年盲人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)在上海舉辦。全國(guó)各地建立了聾人體育組織，積極舉辦區(qū)域性聾人體育運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。1959年，舉辦了全國(guó)首屆聾人男子籃球賽。全國(guó)性殘疾人體育比賽的開(kāi)展，推動(dòng)更多殘疾人參加體育活動(dòng)，增強(qiáng)了殘疾人體質(zhì)，激發(fā)了殘疾人社會(huì)參與的熱情。

2.殘疾人體育在改革開(kāi)放中快速發(fā)展。改革開(kāi)放后，中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)了人民生活從溫飽不足到總體小康、奔向全面小康的歷史性跨越，推進(jìn)了中華民族從站起來(lái)到富起來(lái)的偉大飛躍。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨和中國(guó)政府實(shí)施了一系列發(fā)展殘疾人事業(yè)、改善殘疾人狀況的重大舉措。中國(guó)制定了《中華人民共和國(guó)殘疾人保障法》，批準(zhǔn)了聯(lián)合國(guó)《殘疾人權(quán)利公約》。殘疾人事業(yè)由改革開(kāi)放初期以救濟(jì)為主的社會(huì)福利工作，逐步發(fā)展成為綜合性社會(huì)事業(yè)。殘疾人參與社會(huì)生活的環(huán)境大為改善，殘疾人各方面的權(quán)利得到尊重和保障，為發(fā)展殘疾人體育奠定了基礎(chǔ)。《中華人民共和國(guó)體育法》規(guī)定，全社會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)心、支持殘疾人參加體育活動(dòng)，各級(jí)政府應(yīng)當(dāng)采取措施為殘疾人參加體育活動(dòng)提供方便，公共體育設(shè)施要對(duì)殘疾人實(shí)行優(yōu)惠辦法，學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)創(chuàng)造條件為病殘學(xué)生組織適合其特點(diǎn)的體育活動(dòng)。殘疾人體育納入國(guó)家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，殘疾人體育工作機(jī)制逐步健全，公共服務(wù)全面開(kāi)展，殘疾人體育迎來(lái)了快速發(fā)展階段。1983年，在天津舉辦全國(guó)傷殘人體育邀請(qǐng)賽。1984年，在安徽合肥舉辦首屆全國(guó)殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。同年，中國(guó)殘奧代表團(tuán)首次赴美國(guó)紐約參加第七屆殘奧會(huì)，并實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)殘奧史上金牌“零的突破”。1994年，北京承辦第六屆遠(yuǎn)東及南太平洋地區(qū)殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“遠(yuǎn)南運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)”），這是中國(guó)首次承辦綜合性國(guó)際殘疾人體育賽事。2001年，北京獲得2008年奧運(yùn)會(huì)和殘奧會(huì)舉辦權(quán)。2004年，中國(guó)殘奧代表團(tuán)在雅典殘奧會(huì)上首次獲得金牌數(shù)和獎(jiǎng)牌數(shù)雙第一。2007年，舉辦上海世界夏季特殊奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“上海特奧會(huì)”）。2008年，舉辦北京殘奧會(huì)。2010年，舉辦廣州亞洲殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“廣州亞殘運(yùn)會(huì)”）。這一時(shí)期，先后成立了中國(guó)傷殘人體育協(xié)會(huì)（后更名為中國(guó)殘疾人體育協(xié)會(huì)、中國(guó)殘奧委員會(huì)）、中國(guó)聾人體育協(xié)會(huì)、中國(guó)智殘人體育協(xié)會(huì)（后更名為中國(guó)特奧委員會(huì)）等殘疾人體育組織，并相繼加入國(guó)際殘奧委員會(huì)等多個(gè)國(guó)際殘疾人體育組織。各地也先后成立了各類(lèi)殘疾人體育組織。

3.新時(shí)代殘疾人體育取得歷史性成就。中共十八大以來(lái)，中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義進(jìn)入新時(shí)代，中國(guó)如期全面建成小康社會(huì)，中華民族迎來(lái)了從站起來(lái)、富起來(lái)到強(qiáng)起來(lái)的偉大飛躍。中共中央總書(shū)記、中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平對(duì)殘疾人格外關(guān)心、格外關(guān)注，強(qiáng)調(diào)“殘疾人是社會(huì)大家庭的平等成員，是人類(lèi)文明發(fā)展的一支重要力量，是堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的一支重要力量”“健全人可以活出精彩的人生，殘疾人也可以活出精彩的人生”“2020年全面建成小康社會(huì)，殘疾人一個(gè)也不能少”“中國(guó)將進(jìn)一步發(fā)展殘疾人事業(yè)，促進(jìn)殘疾人全面發(fā)展和共同富裕”“努力實(shí)現(xiàn)殘疾人‘人人享有康復(fù)服務(wù)’的目標(biāo)”；強(qiáng)調(diào)“把北京冬奧會(huì)、冬殘奧會(huì)辦成一屆精彩、非凡、卓越的奧運(yùn)盛會(huì)”“要想運(yùn)動(dòng)員之所想、辦運(yùn)動(dòng)員之所需，為運(yùn)動(dòng)員提供方便、快捷、精準(zhǔn)、細(xì)致的服務(wù)，特別是針對(duì)殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員的特殊需求，增設(shè)相關(guān)無(wú)障礙設(shè)施”。這些重要論述為中國(guó)殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展指明了前進(jìn)方向。在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國(guó)把殘疾人事業(yè)持續(xù)納入國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展總體規(guī)劃和國(guó)家人權(quán)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，殘疾人權(quán)益保障更加有力，殘疾人“平等、參與、共享”的目標(biāo)得到更好實(shí)現(xiàn)，殘疾人獲得感、幸福感、安全感持續(xù)提升，殘疾人體育迎來(lái)前所未有的歷史性發(fā)展機(jī)遇。

殘疾人體育納入全民健身、健康中國(guó)、體育強(qiáng)國(guó)等國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略。《中華人民共和國(guó)公共文化服務(wù)保障法》和《無(wú)障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)條例》規(guī)定優(yōu)先推進(jìn)體育等公共服務(wù)場(chǎng)所的無(wú)障礙設(shè)施改造，配置無(wú)障礙的設(shè)施設(shè)備。投資建設(shè)國(guó)家殘疾人冰上運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽訓(xùn)練館。殘疾人康復(fù)健身體育廣泛開(kāi)展，殘疾人體育活動(dòng)進(jìn)入社區(qū)和殘疾人家庭，越來(lái)越多殘疾人走出家門(mén)參與體育活動(dòng)。實(shí)施全民健身助殘工程，培養(yǎng)殘疾人社會(huì)體育指導(dǎo)員，為重度殘疾人提供居家康復(fù)健身服務(wù)。全力備戰(zhàn)北京2022年冬季殘奧會(huì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)冬殘奧參賽大項(xiàng)全覆蓋。殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員在平昌冬季殘奧會(huì)上勇奪輪椅冰壺金牌，實(shí)現(xiàn)冬季殘奧會(huì)金牌和獎(jiǎng)牌“零的突破”；在東京殘奧會(huì)上表現(xiàn)“神勇”，實(shí)現(xiàn)金牌數(shù)和獎(jiǎng)牌數(shù)五連冠；參加聽(tīng)障奧運(yùn)會(huì)、世界特奧會(huì)等重大國(guó)際賽事取得歷史最好成績(jī)。

中國(guó)殘疾人體育發(fā)展水平快速提升，彰顯了中國(guó)推動(dòng)殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展的制度優(yōu)勢(shì)，展現(xiàn)了中國(guó)尊重和保障殘疾人權(quán)益的顯著成就，理解、尊重、關(guān)心、幫助殘疾人的社會(huì)氛圍更加濃厚，越來(lái)越多殘疾人通過(guò)參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)成就出彩人生，實(shí)現(xiàn)人生夢(mèng)想。殘疾人挑戰(zhàn)極限、銳意進(jìn)取、頑強(qiáng)拼搏的精神激勵(lì)了全國(guó)人民，促進(jìn)了社會(huì)文明進(jìn)步。

I. Parasports Have Progressed Through National Development

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, in the cause of socialist revolution and reconstruction, reform and opening up, socialist modernization, and socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, along with making progress in the cause of the disabled, parasports have steadily developed and prospered, embarking on a path that carries distinct Chinese features and respects the trends of the times.

1. Steady progress was made in parasports after the founding of the PRC. With the founding of the PRC, the people became masters of the country. Persons with disabilities were granted equal political status, enjoying the same lawful rights and obligations as other citizens. The 1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulated that they "have the right to material assistance". Welfare factories, welfare institutions, special education schools, specialized social organizations and a positive social environment have guaranteed the basic rights and interests of disabled people and improved their lives.

In the early years of the PRC, the CPC and the Chinese government attached great importance to sports for the people. Parasports made gradual progress in schools, factories and sanatoriums. Large numbers of disabled people actively participated in sports activities such as radio calisthenics, workplace exercises, table tennis, basketball, and tug of war, laying the foundations for more disabled people to participate in sports.

In 1957, the first national games for blind youth took place in Shanghai. Sports organizations for people with hearing impairments were established all over the country, and they organized regional sports events. In 1959, the first national men's basketball competition for those with hearing impairments was held. National sports competitions encouraged more disabled people to participate in sports, improved their physical fitness, and increased their enthusiasm for social integration.

2. Parasports progressed rapidly following the launch of reform and opening up. Following the introduction of reform and opening up in 1978, China achieved a historic transformation - raising the living standards of its people from bare subsistence to a basic level of moderate prosperity. This marked a tremendous step forward for the Chinese nation - from standing upright to becoming better-off.

The CPC and the Chinese government launched a host of major initiatives to champion the progress of parasports and improve the lives of disabled people. The state promulgated the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities, and ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. As reform and opening up progressed, promoting the interests of disabled people evolved from social welfare, provided mainly in the form of relief, into a comprehensive social undertaking. Greater efforts were made to increase opportunities for disabled people to participate in social activities, and to respect and protect their rights in all respects, laying the foundations for the development of parasports.

The Law of the People's Republic of China on Physical Culture and Sports stipulates that society as a whole should concern itself with and support the participation of the disabled in physical activities, and that governments at all levels shall take measures to provide conditions for disabled people to participate in physical activities. The law also prescribes that disabled people should have preferential access to public sports installations and facilities, and that schools shall create conditions for organizing sports activities suited to the particular conditions of students who are in poor health or disabled.

Parasports were included in the national development strategies and in development plans for the disabled. Relevant work mechanisms and public services were improved, enabling parasports to enter a stage of rapid development.

In 1983, a national sports invitational for persons with disabilities was held in Tianjin. In 1984, the First National Games for Persons with Disabilities took place in Hefei, Anhui Province. In the same year, Team China made its debut at the 7th Paralympic Summer Games in New York, and won its first ever Paralympic gold medal. In 1994, Beijing hosted the 6th Far East and South Pacific Games for the Disabled (FESPIC Games), the first international multi-sport event for disabled people held in China. In 2001, Beijing won the bid to host the 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Summer Games. In 2004, Team China led both the gold medal count and the overall medal count for the first time at the Athens Paralympic Summer Games. In 2007, Shanghai hosted the Special Olympics World Summer Games. In 2008, the Paralympic Summer Games were held in Beijing. In 2010, Guangzhou hosted the Asian Para Games.

Over this period, China set up a number of sports organizations for disabled people, including the China Sports Association for the Disabled (later renamed the National Paralympic Committee of China), the China Sports Association for the Deaf, and the China Association for the Mentally Challenged (later renamed Special Olympics China). China also joined a number of international sports organizations for the disabled, including the International Paralympic Committee. Meanwhile, various local sports organizations for disabled people were set up across the country.

3. Historic progress has been made in parasports in the new era. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. China has built a moderately prosperous society in all respects as scheduled, and the Chinese nation has achieved a tremendous transformation - from standing upright to becoming prosperous and growing in strength.

Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and president of China, has a particular concern for people with disabilities. He emphasizes that disabled people are equal members of society, and an important force for the development of human civilization and for upholding and developing Chinese socialism. He notes that the disabled are just as capable of leading rewarding lives as able-bodied people. He also instructed that no individuals with disabilities should be left behind when moderate prosperity in all respects was to be realized in China in 2020. Xi has committed that China will develop further programs for the disabled, promote their all-round development and shared prosperity, and strive to ensure access to rehabilitation services for every disabled person. He pledged that China would deliver an excellent and extraordinary Winter Olympics and Paralympics at Beijing 2022. He has also emphasized that the country must be considerate in providing convenient, efficient, targeted and meticulous services for athletes, and in particular, in meeting the special needs of athletes with disabilities by building accessible facilities. These important observations have pointed the direction for the cause of disabled people in China.

Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core, China incorporates programs for disabled people into its overall plans for economic and social development and its human rights action plans. As a result, the rights and interests of people with disabilities have been better protected, and the goals of equality, participation and sharing have drawn closer. Disabled people have a stronger sense of fulfillment, happiness and security, and parasports have bright prospects for development.

Parasports have been included in China's national strategies of Fitness-for-All, Healthy China initiative, and Building China into a Country Strong in Sports. The Law of the People's Republic of China on Ensuring Public Cultural Services and the Regulations on Building an Accessible Environment provide that top priority shall be given to improving accessibility of public service facilities including sports facilities. China has built a National Ice Sports Arena for People with Impairments. More and more disabled people are engaging in rehabilitation and fitness activities, participating in parasports in their communities and homes, and taking part in outdoor sports activities. The Disability Support Project under the National Fitness Program has been implemented, and sports instructors for people with disabilities have been trained. People with severe disabilities have access to rehabilitation and fitness services in their homes.

Every effort has been made to prepare for the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games, and Chinese athletes will participate in all events. In the 2018 Pyeongchang Paralympic Winter Games, Chinese athletes won gold in Wheelchair Curling, China's first medal in Winter Paralympics. In the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Summer Games, Chinese athletes achieved extraordinary results, ranking top in the gold medal and medal tallies for the fifth time in a row. Chinese athletes have scaled new heights in the Deaflympics and the Special Olympics World Games.

Parasports have made enormous progress in China, demonstrating China's institutional strength in promoting programs for the disabled, and displaying its notable achievements in respecting and protecting the rights and interests of people with disabilities. Throughout the country, understanding, respect, care and help for the disabled are growing in strength. More and more disabled people are realizing their dreams and achieving remarkable improvements in their lives through sports. The courage, tenacity and resilience that disabled people show in pushing boundaries and forging ahead have inspired the whole nation and promoted social and cultural progress.

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二、殘疾人群眾性體育活動(dòng)廣泛開(kāi)展

中國(guó)將殘疾人康復(fù)健身體育作為實(shí)施全民健身、健康中國(guó)、體育強(qiáng)國(guó)等國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略的重要組成部分，開(kāi)展全國(guó)性殘疾人體育活動(dòng)，改善體育服務(wù)，豐富活動(dòng)內(nèi)容，加強(qiáng)科研教育，殘疾人群眾性康復(fù)健身體育活動(dòng)日益活躍。

1.殘疾人體育活動(dòng)豐富多彩。城鄉(xiāng)基層殘疾人康復(fù)健身體育活動(dòng)因地制宜，活躍開(kāi)展。通過(guò)推廣社區(qū)殘疾人康復(fù)健身體育項(xiàng)目、政府購(gòu)買(mǎi)體育健身服務(wù)等方式，推動(dòng)殘疾人在基層社區(qū)開(kāi)展體育健身和競(jìng)賽活動(dòng)。全國(guó)殘疾人社區(qū)文體活動(dòng)參與率由2015年的6.8%持續(xù)提升至2021年的23.9%。各級(jí)各類(lèi)學(xué)校組織殘疾學(xué)生開(kāi)展適合其特點(diǎn)的日常體育活動(dòng)，創(chuàng)編推廣排舞、啦啦操、旱地冰壺等適合殘疾學(xué)生集體參與的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。鼓勵(lì)大中小學(xué)生參與特奧大學(xué)計(jì)劃和融合活動(dòng)等項(xiàng)目，動(dòng)員醫(yī)務(wù)工作者參與體育康復(fù)、運(yùn)動(dòng)員分級(jí)、特奧運(yùn)動(dòng)員健康計(jì)劃等活動(dòng)，組織體育工作者參與殘疾人體育健身、競(jìng)賽訓(xùn)練等專(zhuān)業(yè)工作，為殘疾人體育提供志愿服務(wù)。全國(guó)殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)設(shè)有康復(fù)健身類(lèi)體育比賽項(xiàng)目。舉辦殘疾人民間足球賽，設(shè)盲人、聾人、智力殘疾人等多個(gè)組別。全國(guó)殘疾人排舞公開(kāi)賽參與隊(duì)伍擴(kuò)展至近20個(gè)省（區(qū)、市），越來(lái)越多的特殊教育學(xué)校將排舞項(xiàng)目列為大課間體育活動(dòng)。

2.全國(guó)性殘疾人體育活動(dòng)風(fēng)生水起。各類(lèi)殘疾人每年定期參加“全國(guó)特奧日”“殘疾人健身周”和“殘疾人冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)季”等全國(guó)性殘疾人體育活動(dòng)。自2007年起，每年7月20日開(kāi)展“全國(guó)特奧日”活動(dòng)，智力殘疾人通過(guò)參加特奧運(yùn)動(dòng)，挖掘潛力、增強(qiáng)信心、融入社會(huì)。自2011年起，每年“全民健身日”所在周全國(guó)集中開(kāi)展“殘疾人健身周”活動(dòng)，舉辦輪椅太極拳、柔力球、盲人足球等健身運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。殘疾人通過(guò)參加康復(fù)健身體育賽事和活動(dòng)，學(xué)習(xí)殘疾人體育文化知識(shí)，開(kāi)展體驗(yàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，了解各種康復(fù)健身器材，展示和交流康復(fù)健身技能，增強(qiáng)了身體素質(zhì)，陶冶了性情，激發(fā)了生活熱情，培養(yǎng)了融入社會(huì)的自信。肢殘人輪椅馬拉松、盲人象棋交流挑戰(zhàn)賽、全國(guó)聾人柔力球交流賽等賽事已成為全國(guó)性品牌活動(dòng)。

3.殘疾人大眾冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)蓬勃發(fā)展。自2016年起，連續(xù)6年舉辦“殘疾人冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)季”，為殘疾人參與冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)搭建平臺(tái)，帶動(dòng)殘疾人融入“3億人參與冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)”。從首屆開(kāi)展的14個(gè)省級(jí)單位發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的31個(gè)省（區(qū)、市）。各地因地制宜舉辦冬季殘疾人體育活動(dòng)，開(kāi)展冬殘奧項(xiàng)目體驗(yàn)、大眾冰雪體育賽事、冬季康復(fù)健身訓(xùn)練營(yíng)、冰雪嘉年華等形式多樣、內(nèi)容豐富的活動(dòng)。創(chuàng)編和推廣了迷你滑雪、旱地滑雪、旱地冰壺、冰蹴球、滑冰、冰橇、雪橇、冰上自行車(chē)、雪地足球、冰上龍舟、雪地拔河、冰河釣魚(yú)等新穎有趣、深受殘疾人喜愛(ài)的大眾冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。通過(guò)編制發(fā)放《殘疾人冬季體育健身項(xiàng)目和活動(dòng)方法指導(dǎo)手冊(cè)》等，為基層殘疾人冬季體育健身提供服務(wù)和支持。

4.殘疾人康復(fù)健身體育服務(wù)不斷改善。實(shí)施“自強(qiáng)健身工程”和“康復(fù)體育關(guān)愛(ài)工程”，促進(jìn)殘疾人康復(fù)健身。加強(qiáng)殘疾人康復(fù)健身體育服務(wù)隊(duì)伍建設(shè)，創(chuàng)編推廣殘疾人康復(fù)體育、健身體育項(xiàng)目和方法，研發(fā)推廣康復(fù)體育、健身體育器材，豐富殘疾人體育服務(wù)產(chǎn)品，推進(jìn)社區(qū)殘疾人健身體育和居家重度殘疾人康復(fù)體育服務(wù)。《全民健身基本公共服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（2021年版）》等國(guó)家政策法規(guī)明確要求改善殘疾人健身環(huán)境，要求公共體育設(shè)施免費(fèi)或低收費(fèi)向殘疾人開(kāi)放。截至2020年，全國(guó)殘疾人健身示范點(diǎn)累計(jì)建設(shè)10675個(gè)，共培養(yǎng)、發(fā)展殘疾人社會(huì)體育指導(dǎo)員12.5萬(wàn)名，為43.4萬(wàn)戶(hù)重度殘疾人提供了康復(fù)體育進(jìn)家庭等服務(wù)。同時(shí)，面向經(jīng)濟(jì)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、農(nóng)村地區(qū)給予重點(diǎn)支持，積極引導(dǎo)建設(shè)殘疾人冬季健身活動(dòng)服務(wù)站點(diǎn)。

5.殘疾人體育教學(xué)科研取得進(jìn)步。中國(guó)把殘疾人體育納入特殊教育和師范、體育教學(xué)計(jì)劃，殘疾人體育科研機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè)步伐加快，中國(guó)殘疾人體育運(yùn)動(dòng)管理中心、中國(guó)殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展研究會(huì)體育發(fā)展專(zhuān)業(yè)委員會(huì)以及多所高校成立的殘疾人體育科研機(jī)構(gòu)成為殘疾人體育科研的重要力量。殘疾人體育人才培養(yǎng)初步形成體系，部分高校開(kāi)設(shè)殘疾人體育相關(guān)選修課程，培養(yǎng)了一批殘疾人體育專(zhuān)業(yè)人才。殘疾人體育科研成果不斷豐富。截至2021年，關(guān)于殘疾人體育研究的國(guó)家社科基金項(xiàng)目累計(jì)超過(guò)20項(xiàng)。

II. Physical Activities for Persons with Disabilities Have Flourished

China regards rehabilitation and fitness activities for persons with disabilities as one of the main components in implementing its national strategies of Fitness-for-All, Healthy China initiative, and Building China into a Country Strong in Sports. By carrying out parasports activities across the whole country, enriching the content of such activities, improving sports services, and intensifying scientific research and education, China has encouraged the disabled to become more active participants in rehabilitation and fitness activities.

1. Physical activities for persons with disabilities are flourishing. At community level, a variety of rehabilitation and fitness activities for persons with disabilities have been organized, adapted to local conditions in urban and rural China. To promote the participation of persons with disabilities in grassroots fitness activities and competitive sports, China has extended rehabilitation activities and fitness sports services to communities through government procurement. The participation rate in grassroots cultural and sports activities for persons with disabilities in China has spiraled, from 6.8 percent in 2015 to 23.9 percent in 2021.

Schools at all levels and of all types have organized specially designed regular physical activities for their disabled students, and have promoted line dancing, cheerleading, dryland curling, and other group-based sports. College students and those in primary and secondary schools have been encouraged to participate in projects such as the Special Olympics University Program and in Special Olympics Unified Sports. Medical workers have been mobilized to engage in activities such as sports rehabilitation, para-athletics classification, and the Special Olympics Healthy Athletes program, and physical educators have been encouraged to participate in professional services such as physical fitness and sports training for the disabled, and to provide voluntary services for parasports.

China's National Games for Persons with Disabilities have incorporated rehabilitation and fitness events. The National Football Games for Persons with Disabilities have been held with multiple categories for persons with visual or hearing impairments or intellectual disabilities. Teams participating in the National Line Dancing Open Tournament for Persons with Disabilities now come from around 20 provinces and equivalent administrative units. A growing number of special education schools have made line dancing a physical activity for their main recess.

2. Parasports events are carried out nationwide. Persons with disabilities regularly participate in national parasports events, such as the National Special Olympics Day, Fitness Week for Persons with Disabilities, and Winter Sports Season for Persons with Disabilities. Since 2007, China has been organizing activities to popularize National Special Olympics Day, which falls on July 20 every year. Participation in the Special Olympics has tapped into the potential of persons with intellectual disabilities, improved their self-esteem, and brought them into the community. Since 2011, around the National Fitness Day each year, China has been organizing nationwide parasports activities to mark the Fitness Week for Persons with Disabilities, during which events such as wheelchair Tai Chi, Tai Chi ball, and blind football games have been held.

Through participating in rehabilitation and fitness events and activities, persons with disabilities have become more familiar with parasports, begun to take part in sports activities, and learned to use rehabilitation and fitness equipment. They have had the opportunity to demonstrate and exchange rehabilitation and fitness skills. Greater fitness and a more positive mindset have inspired their passion for life, and they have become more confident about integrating into society. Events such as the Wheelchair Marathon for the Disabled, the Chess Challenge among Blind Players, and the National Tai Chi Ball Championships for Persons with Hearing Impairments have developed into national parasports events.

3. Winter sports for persons with disabilities are on the rise. Every year since 2016 China has hosted a Winter Sports Season for Persons with Disabilities, providing them with a platform to participate in winter sports, and fulfilling the Beijing 2022 bid commitment of engaging 300 million people in winter sports. The scale of participation has expanded from 14 provincial-level units in the first Winter Sports Season to 31 provinces and equivalent administrative units. Various winter parasports activities suited to local conditions have been held, allowing participants to experience Paralympic Winter Games events, and take part in mass-participation winter sports, winter rehabilitation and fitness training camps, and ice and snow festivals. A variety of winter sports for mass participation have been created and promoted, such as mini skiing, dryland skiing, dryland curling, ice Cuju (a traditional Chinese game of competing for a ball on the ice rink), skating, sledding, sleighing, ice bikes, snow football, ice dragon boating, snow tug-of-war, and ice fishing. These novel and fun sports have proved very popular among persons with disabilities. In addition, availability of winter sports and fitness services for persons with disabilities at community level, and technical support, have been improved with the promulgation of materials such as A Guidebook on Winter Sports and Fitness Programs for Persons with Disabilities.

4. Rehabilitation and fitness services for persons with disabilities keep improving. China has introduced a series of measures to engage persons with disabilities in rehabilitation and physical activities, and to cultivate rehabilitation and fitness service teams. These include: launching a Self-improvement Fitness Project and a Sports Rehabilitation Care Plan, developing and promoting programs, methodology and equipment for rehabilitation and fitness of the disabled, enriching sports services and products for persons with disabilities, and promoting community-level fitness services for them and home-based rehabilitation services for persons with severe disabilities.

The National Basic Public Service Standards for Mass Sports (2021 Edition) and other national policies and regulations stipulate that the fitness environment for persons with disabilities is to be improved, and require that they have access to public facilities free of charge or at reduced prices. As of 2020, a total of 10,675 disabled-friendly sports venues had been built nationwide, a total of 125,000 instructors had been trained, and 434,000 households with severely disabled people had been provided with home-based rehabilitation and fitness services. Meanwhile, China has actively guided the construction of winter sports facilities for persons with disabilities with the focus on supporting less developed areas, townships and rural areas.

5. Progress has been made in parasports education and research. China has incorporated parasports in special education, teacher training, and physical education programs, and has accelerated the development of parasports research institutions. China Administration of Sports for Persons with Disabilities, the Sports Development Committee of the China Disability Research Society, together with parasports research institutions in many colleges and universities, form the main force in parasports education and research. A system for cultivating parasports talent has taken shape. Some universities and colleges have opened selective courses on parasports. A number of parasports professionals have been cultivated. Considerable progress has been made in parasports research. As of 2021, more than 20 parasports projects were being supported by the National Social Science Fund of China.

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三、殘疾人競(jìng)技體育水平不斷提高

殘疾人參與體育賽事日益增多，越來(lái)越多的殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際殘疾人體育賽事，勇于挑戰(zhàn)，超越自我，展現(xiàn)自強(qiáng)不息、頑強(qiáng)拼搏的精神，成就出彩人生。

1.在重大國(guó)際殘疾人體育賽事中表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異。自1987年起，中國(guó)智力殘疾人參加了9屆世界夏季特奧會(huì)和7屆世界冬季特奧會(huì)，展示了“勇敢嘗試、爭(zhēng)取勝利”的特奧精神。1989年，中國(guó)聾人體育首次走出國(guó)門(mén)，參加了新西蘭克賴(lài)斯特徹奇第16屆世界聾人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。2007年，在美國(guó)鹽湖城第16屆冬季聾奧會(huì)上，中國(guó)代表團(tuán)獲得1枚銅牌，首次在冬季聾奧會(huì)上奪得獎(jiǎng)牌。此后在多屆夏季和冬季聾奧會(huì)上取得佳績(jī)。積極參加亞洲殘疾人體育賽事，屢獲殊榮。1984年，中國(guó)殘奧體育代表團(tuán)24名殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員在紐約第7屆殘奧會(huì)上參加了田徑、游泳、乒乓球三個(gè)大項(xiàng)的比賽，獲得2枚金牌、24枚獎(jiǎng)牌，在殘疾人群體中掀起了參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱潮。此后中國(guó)殘奧體育代表團(tuán)相繼參加了歷屆殘奧會(huì)，成績(jī)穩(wěn)步提升。2004年，在雅典第12屆殘奧會(huì)上，中國(guó)體育代表團(tuán)獲得63枚金牌、141枚獎(jiǎng)牌，金牌數(shù)和獎(jiǎng)牌數(shù)躍居第一。2021年，在東京第16屆殘奧會(huì)上，中國(guó)體育代表團(tuán)獲得96枚金牌、207枚獎(jiǎng)牌，連續(xù)五屆實(shí)現(xiàn)金牌、獎(jiǎng)牌榜雙第一。“十三五”時(shí)期，中國(guó)殘疾人體育代表團(tuán)共參加160項(xiàng)國(guó)際賽事，取得1114枚金牌。

2.全國(guó)性殘疾人體育賽事影響不斷擴(kuò)大。自1984年舉辦首屆全國(guó)殘運(yùn)會(huì)以來(lái)，中國(guó)已先后舉辦11屆全國(guó)殘運(yùn)會(huì)，比賽項(xiàng)目從田徑、游泳、乒乓球發(fā)展到34個(gè)項(xiàng)目。自1992年第三屆全國(guó)殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)起，全國(guó)殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)正式列入國(guó)務(wù)院審批的大型運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)系列，形成每四年舉辦一次的機(jī)制，殘疾人體育逐步進(jìn)入制度化、規(guī)范化的發(fā)展軌道。2019年，在天津舉辦的第十屆全國(guó)殘運(yùn)會(huì)暨第七屆全國(guó)特奧會(huì)首次實(shí)現(xiàn)全國(guó)殘運(yùn)會(huì)和全國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)同城舉辦。2021年，在陜西舉辦的第十一屆殘運(yùn)會(huì)暨第八屆特奧會(huì)首次實(shí)現(xiàn)全國(guó)殘?zhí)貖W會(huì)和全國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)同城同年舉辦，促進(jìn)了兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的同步規(guī)劃、同步實(shí)施、同樣精彩。除了舉辦全國(guó)殘運(yùn)會(huì)，還在各地舉辦全國(guó)性肢殘人、盲人、聾人等各類(lèi)單項(xiàng)賽事，吸引各類(lèi)殘疾人廣泛參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。通過(guò)舉辦經(jīng)常性全國(guó)殘疾人體育賽事，培養(yǎng)了殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員隊(duì)伍，提升了殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)水平。

3.冬殘奧運(yùn)動(dòng)水平快速提升。北京冬殘奧會(huì)的成功申辦，為中國(guó)冬殘奧運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展帶來(lái)重大機(jī)遇。中國(guó)高度重視冬殘奧會(huì)備戰(zhàn)工作，制定實(shí)施了系列行動(dòng)方案，積極推動(dòng)項(xiàng)目布局，統(tǒng)籌訓(xùn)練設(shè)施、器材保障、科研服務(wù)，組織訓(xùn)練營(yíng)選拔優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員，加強(qiáng)技術(shù)力量培養(yǎng)和國(guó)際合作，聘請(qǐng)國(guó)內(nèi)外高水平教練員，組建國(guó)家集訓(xùn)隊(duì)，高山滑雪、冬季兩項(xiàng)、越野滑雪、單板滑雪、冰球、輪椅冰壺等6個(gè)冬殘奧大項(xiàng)全部納入全國(guó)殘運(yùn)會(huì)賽事，推動(dòng)29個(gè)省（區(qū)、市）開(kāi)展冬季項(xiàng)目。自2015年至2021年，全國(guó)開(kāi)展的冬殘奧會(huì)大項(xiàng)由2個(gè)拓展到6個(gè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了比賽大項(xiàng)全覆蓋；運(yùn)動(dòng)員由不足50人發(fā)展至近千人，技術(shù)官員從無(wú)到有發(fā)展到100多人。自2018年起，每年舉辦全國(guó)性冬殘奧項(xiàng)目比賽，并納入2019年和2021年全國(guó)殘運(yùn)會(huì)賽事。2016年以來(lái)，中國(guó)殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加冬殘奧系列國(guó)際賽事，共獲得47枚金牌、54枚銀牌、52枚銅牌。中國(guó)將有96名運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加北京冬殘奧會(huì)全部6個(gè)大項(xiàng)73個(gè)小項(xiàng)的比賽，與2014年索契冬殘奧會(huì)相比，參賽運(yùn)動(dòng)員增加了80余名，參賽大項(xiàng)增加了4個(gè)、小項(xiàng)增加了67個(gè)。

4.殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員培養(yǎng)保障機(jī)制逐步完善。根據(jù)殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員的類(lèi)別及適宜開(kāi)展的體育項(xiàng)目，對(duì)殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)和功能分級(jí)，為殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員公平參與各類(lèi)體育項(xiàng)目提供了前提和保障。建立完善縣級(jí)發(fā)現(xiàn)選送、市級(jí)培養(yǎng)提高、省級(jí)集訓(xùn)參賽和國(guó)家重點(diǎn)培養(yǎng)四級(jí)聯(lián)動(dòng)的殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員業(yè)余訓(xùn)練體系，舉辦青少年選拔賽、訓(xùn)練營(yíng)，加強(qiáng)后備人才培養(yǎng)。加強(qiáng)殘疾人體育教練員、裁判員、分級(jí)員等專(zhuān)業(yè)人才隊(duì)伍建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)殘疾人體育訓(xùn)練基地建設(shè)，命名45個(gè)國(guó)家殘疾人體育訓(xùn)練基地，為殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員競(jìng)賽、訓(xùn)練、培訓(xùn)、科研等提供保障和服務(wù)。各級(jí)政府采取措施，切實(shí)解決殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員就學(xué)、就業(yè)和社會(huì)保障問(wèn)題，開(kāi)展優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員免試進(jìn)入高校試點(diǎn)工作。制定《殘疾人體育賽事活動(dòng)管理辦法》，促進(jìn)殘疾人體育賽事規(guī)范、有序發(fā)展。加強(qiáng)殘疾人體育道德作風(fēng)建設(shè)，嚴(yán)禁使用違禁藥物和各種違規(guī)行為，維護(hù)殘疾人體育比賽的公平、公正。

III. Performances in Parasports Are Improving Steadily

Disabled people are becoming increasingly active in sports. More and more athletes with disabilities have competed in sporting events both at home and abroad. They are seeking to meet challenges, pursuing self-improvement, demonstrating an indomitable spirit, and fighting for a wonderful and successful life.

1. Chinese parasports athletes have given outstanding performances at major international sporting events. Since 1987, Chinese athletes with intellectual disabilities have participated in nine Special Olympics World Summer Games and seven Special Olympics World Winter Games. In 1989, Chinese deaf athletes made their international debut at the 16th World Games for the Deaf in Christchurch of New Zealand. In 2007, the Chinese delegation earned a bronze medal at the 16th Winter Deaflympics in Salt Lake City of the United States - the first medal won by Chinese athletes at the event. Subsequently, Chinese athletes achieved outstanding performances at several Summer and Winter Deaflympics. They also took an active part in Asian sporting events for the disabled and won many honors. In 1984, 24 athletes from the Chinese Paralympic delegation competed in Athletics, Swimming and Table Tennis at the Seventh Summer Paralympics in New York, and brought home 24 medals, including two golds, generating an upsurge of enthusiasm for sports among disabled people in China. At the following Summer Paralympics, Team China's performance showed a marked improvement. In 2004, at the 12th Summer Paralympics in Athens, the Chinese delegation won 141 medals, including 63 golds, ranking first in both medals and golds won. In 2021, at the 16th Summer Paralympics in Tokyo, Team China claimed 207 medals, including 96 golds, topping both the gold medal tally and the overall medal standings for the fifth consecutive time. During the 13th Five-year Plan period (2016-2020), China sent disabled athletes delegations to participate in 160 international sporting events, bringing home a total of 1,114 gold medals.

2. Influence of national parasports events keeps expanding. Since China organized its first National Games for Persons with Disabilities (NGPD) in 1984, 11 such events have been held, with the number of sports increasing from three (Athletics, Swimming and Table Tennis) to 34. Since the third games in 1992, the NGPD has been listed as a large-scale sporting event ratified by the State Council and held once every four years. This confirms the institutionalization and standardization of parasports in China. In 2019, Tianjin hosted the 10th NGPD (together with the Seventh National Special Olympic Games) and the National Games of China. This made the city the first to host both the NGPD and the National Games of China. In 2021, Shaanxi hosted the 11th NGPD (together with the Eighth National Special Olympic Games) and the National Games of China. It was the first time that the NGPD had been held in the same city and during the same year as the National Games of China. This allowed synchronized planning and implementation and both games were equally successful. In addition to the NGPD, China also organizes national individual events for categories such as blind athletes, deaf athletes, and athletes with limb deficiencies, for the purpose of engaging more people with various types of disabilities in sports activities. Through these national sporting events for disabled people on a regular basis, the country has trained a number of athletes with disabilities and improved their sports skills.

3. Chinese athletes show growing strength in winter Paralympic sports. China's successful bid for 2022 Paralympic Winter Games has generated great opportunities for the development of its Winter Paralympic sports. The country attaches great importance to the preparation for Winter Paralympics. It has designed and implemented a series of action plans, pressed ahead with sporting events planning, and coordinated the creation of training facilities, equipment support, and research services. It has organized training camps to select outstanding athletes, strengthened the training of technical personnel, hired capable coaches from home and abroad, established national training teams, and promoted international cooperation. All the six Winter Paralympic sports - Alpine Skiing, Biathlon, Cross-Country Skiing, Snowboard, Ice Hockey, and Wheelchair Curling - have been included in the NGPD, which pushed forward winter sports activities in 29 provinces and equivalent administrative units.

From 2015 to 2021, the number of Winter Paralympic sports in China increased from 2 to 6, so that all Winter Paralympic sports are now covered. The number of athletes increased from fewer than 50 to nearly 1,000, and that of technical officials from 0 to more than 100. Since 2018, annual national competitions for sporting events in Winter Paralympics have been held, and these sporting events were included in the 2019 and 2021 NGPD. Chinese parasports athletes have participated in the Winter Paralympic Games since 2016, and won 47 gold, 54 silver, and 52 bronze medals. In the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games, a total of 96 athletes from China will take part in all 6 sports and 73 events. Compared with the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games, the number of athletes will increase by more than 80, the number of sports by 4, and the number of events by 67.

4. Mechanisms for athlete training and support are improving. In order to ensure fair competition, parasports athletes are classified medically and functionally according to their categories and the sports that are suitable for them. A four-tiered parasports athlete spare-time training system has been established and improved, in which the county level is responsible for identification and selection, the city level training and development, the provincial level for intensive training and games participation, and the national level for the training of key talent. Youth selection competitions and training camps have been organized for the training of reserve talent.

Greater efforts have been made to build a contingent of parasports coaches, referees, classifiers and other professionals. More parasports training bases have been built, and 45 national training bases have been nominated for parasports, providing support and services for research, training and competition. Governments at all levels have taken measures to address problems of education, employment and social security for parasports athletes, and to carry out pilot work for enrolling top athletes into higher learning institutions without examination. Measures for the Administration of Parasports Events and Activities have been issued to promote orderly and standard development of parasports games. Parasports ethics have been strengthened. Doping and other violations are forbidden so as to ensure fairness and justice in parasports.

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四、為世界殘疾人體育運(yùn)動(dòng)作出貢獻(xiàn)

開(kāi)放的中國(guó)積極承擔(dān)國(guó)際義務(wù)，成功舉辦北京殘奧會(huì)、上海特奧會(huì)、北京遠(yuǎn)南運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)、廣州亞殘運(yùn)會(huì)，全力籌辦北京冬殘奧會(huì)、杭州亞殘運(yùn)會(huì)，有力促進(jìn)了中國(guó)殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展，為國(guó)際殘疾人體育運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展作出了突出貢獻(xiàn)。中國(guó)全面參與國(guó)際殘疾人體育事務(wù)，不斷加強(qiáng)與其他國(guó)家和國(guó)際殘疾人組織交流合作，增進(jìn)各國(guó)人民包括殘疾人之間的友誼。

1.成功舉辦亞洲綜合性殘疾人體育賽事。1994年，北京舉辦第六屆遠(yuǎn)南運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，42個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的殘疾人代表團(tuán)共1927人參加，規(guī)模超過(guò)歷屆。這是中國(guó)首次舉辦國(guó)際綜合性殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，展示了改革開(kāi)放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的豐碩成果，加深了社會(huì)對(duì)殘疾人的了解，助推了中國(guó)殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展，對(duì)推進(jìn)“亞太殘疾人十年”行動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了積極影響。2010年，在廣州舉辦首屆亞殘運(yùn)會(huì)，41個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員參賽。這是亞洲殘疾人體育組織重組后舉辦的首屆運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，也是亞運(yùn)會(huì)與亞殘運(yùn)會(huì)歷史上首次在同城同年舉行，進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)了廣州的無(wú)障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)。通過(guò)舉辦亞殘運(yùn)會(huì)，在全社會(huì)廣泛傳播了殘疾人體育精神，營(yíng)造了扶殘助殘、殘健融合的良好氛圍，使更多殘疾人共享社會(huì)發(fā)展成果，提高了亞洲殘疾人體育運(yùn)動(dòng)水平。2022年，第四屆亞殘運(yùn)會(huì)將在杭州舉辦。屆時(shí)，40多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的約3800名殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員將參加22個(gè)大項(xiàng)、604個(gè)小項(xiàng)的競(jìng)賽，必將有力促進(jìn)亞洲人民的友誼與合作。

2.圓滿(mǎn)舉辦上海特奧會(huì)。2007年，上海舉辦第12屆上海特奧會(huì)，164個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的1萬(wàn)多名特奧運(yùn)動(dòng)員、教練員參與了25個(gè)項(xiàng)目比賽。這是第一次在發(fā)展中國(guó)家、在亞洲舉辦的特奧會(huì)，鼓勵(lì)了智力殘疾人參與社會(huì)的勇氣，推動(dòng)了中國(guó)特奧運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展。為迎接并紀(jì)念上海特奧會(huì)，中國(guó)將每年7月20日定為“全國(guó)特奧日”，上海成立了“陽(yáng)光之家”，幫助智力殘疾人進(jìn)行康復(fù)訓(xùn)練、教育培訓(xùn)、日間照料、職業(yè)康復(fù)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，全國(guó)推廣“陽(yáng)光家園”計(jì)劃，支持各地智力、精神和重度殘疾人托養(yǎng)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)和家庭開(kāi)展托養(yǎng)服務(wù)工作。

3.高水平舉辦北京殘奧會(huì)。2008年，北京舉辦第13屆殘奧會(huì)，147個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的4032名運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加了比賽。賽會(huì)設(shè)20個(gè)大項(xiàng)、472個(gè)小項(xiàng)，運(yùn)動(dòng)員人數(shù)、參賽國(guó)家和地區(qū)數(shù)、比賽項(xiàng)目數(shù)都創(chuàng)殘奧會(huì)歷史新高。北京殘奧會(huì)開(kāi)啟了殘奧會(huì)與奧運(yùn)會(huì)“同時(shí)申辦、同城舉辦”的新模式，兌現(xiàn)了“兩個(gè)奧運(yùn)，同樣精彩”的承諾，為世界奉獻(xiàn)了一屆高水平、有特色的殘奧會(huì)，“超越、融合、共享”理念是中國(guó)對(duì)國(guó)際殘奧運(yùn)動(dòng)的精神貢獻(xiàn)。殘奧會(huì)在體育設(shè)施、城市交通、無(wú)障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)、志愿服務(wù)等方面留下了豐富遺產(chǎn)，有力促進(jìn)了中國(guó)殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展。北京市建設(shè)了一批規(guī)范化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的“溫馨家園”，殘疾人及其家庭可以就近就便享受職業(yè)康復(fù)、教育培訓(xùn)、日間照料、文體活動(dòng)等服務(wù)，為平等融入社會(huì)生活創(chuàng)造了條件。社會(huì)各界進(jìn)一步增進(jìn)了對(duì)殘疾人事業(yè)和殘疾人體育的認(rèn)識(shí)，“平等、參與、共享”的理念更加深入人心，全社會(huì)尊重、理解、關(guān)心、幫助殘疾人的氛圍更加濃厚。中國(guó)履行了對(duì)國(guó)際社會(huì)的鄭重承諾，廣泛弘揚(yáng)了“團(tuán)結(jié)、友誼、和平”的奧林匹克精神，促進(jìn)了世界各國(guó)人民的相互了解和友誼，讓“同一個(gè)世界、同一個(gè)夢(mèng)想”的口號(hào)響徹寰球，贏得了國(guó)際社會(huì)高度評(píng)價(jià)。

4.全力籌辦北京2022年冬殘奧會(huì)。2015年，北京攜手張家口贏得了2022年冬奧會(huì)和冬殘奧會(huì)的舉辦權(quán)，北京成為第一個(gè)既舉辦過(guò)夏季殘奧會(huì)又舉辦冬季殘奧會(huì)的城市，冬殘奧運(yùn)動(dòng)迎來(lái)重大發(fā)展機(jī)遇。中國(guó)全面落實(shí)“綠色、共享、開(kāi)放、廉潔”的辦奧理念，突出“簡(jiǎn)約、安全、精彩”的辦賽要求，積極與國(guó)際殘奧委員會(huì)等國(guó)際體育組織溝通合作，落實(shí)新冠肺炎疫情防控各項(xiàng)措施，精心做好賽會(huì)組織、賽會(huì)服務(wù)、科技應(yīng)用、文化活動(dòng)等各項(xiàng)籌辦工作。北京自2019年起實(shí)施無(wú)障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)行動(dòng)，確定城市道路整改、公共交通、公共服務(wù)場(chǎng)所、信息交流等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域17項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)任務(wù)，累計(jì)完成33.6萬(wàn)個(gè)點(diǎn)位改造，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)首都功能核心區(qū)無(wú)障礙化，城市無(wú)障礙環(huán)境規(guī)范性、適用性、系統(tǒng)化水平顯著提升。張家口積極推進(jìn)公共設(shè)施無(wú)障礙建設(shè)，城市無(wú)障礙環(huán)境顯著改善。建立完善以殘疾人冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)為支撐的殘疾人冬季活動(dòng)體系，加快推動(dòng)殘疾人冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)普及。北京冬殘奧會(huì)將于2022年3月4日至13日舉辦。截至2022年2月20日，來(lái)自48個(gè)國(guó)家（地區(qū)）的647名運(yùn)動(dòng)員注冊(cè)參賽。中國(guó)已做好準(zhǔn)備，迎接世界冬殘奧運(yùn)動(dòng)員參賽。

5.積極參與國(guó)際殘疾人體育事務(wù)。隨著中國(guó)殘疾人體育走向世界，中國(guó)在國(guó)際殘疾人體育事務(wù)中發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用，話(huà)語(yǔ)權(quán)和影響力逐步擴(kuò)大。自1984年起，中國(guó)相繼加入國(guó)際殘奧委員會(huì)、國(guó)際傷殘人體育組織、國(guó)際盲人體育聯(lián)合會(huì)、國(guó)際腦癱人體育協(xié)會(huì)、世界聾人體育聯(lián)合會(huì)、國(guó)際輪椅運(yùn)動(dòng)聯(lián)合會(huì)、國(guó)際特殊奧林匹克委員會(huì)、遠(yuǎn)東及南太平洋地區(qū)殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)聯(lián)合會(huì)等世界殘疾人體育組織，與一些國(guó)家和地區(qū)的殘疾人體育組織建立了友好關(guān)系。中國(guó)殘疾人體育協(xié)會(huì)、中國(guó)聾人體育協(xié)會(huì)、中國(guó)特奧委員會(huì)已經(jīng)成為世界殘疾人體育組織的重要成員。積極參加國(guó)際殘奧委員會(huì)代表大會(huì)等國(guó)際殘疾人體育有關(guān)重要會(huì)議，共商國(guó)際殘疾人體育發(fā)展大計(jì)。中國(guó)殘疾人體育官員、裁判員、專(zhuān)家等獲任遠(yuǎn)南運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)聯(lián)合會(huì)執(zhí)委會(huì)、世界聾人體育聯(lián)合會(huì)、國(guó)際盲人體育聯(lián)合會(huì)執(zhí)委和專(zhuān)項(xiàng)委員會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)人。為培養(yǎng)殘疾人體育技術(shù)力量，先后推薦和委派專(zhuān)業(yè)人員擔(dān)任有關(guān)國(guó)際殘疾人體育組織的技術(shù)官員和國(guó)際裁判。

6.深入開(kāi)展殘疾人體育國(guó)際交流。1982年，中國(guó)首次組派體育代表團(tuán)參加第三屆遠(yuǎn)南運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，中國(guó)殘疾人體育逐步融入世界殘疾人體育。中國(guó)積極開(kāi)展國(guó)際殘疾人體育友好交流與合作。在共建“一帶一路”、中非合作論壇等多邊合作機(jī)制和雙邊交往中，把殘疾人體育作為人文交流的重要內(nèi)容。2017年，舉辦共建“一帶一路”框架下殘疾人事務(wù)主題活動(dòng)，發(fā)布《關(guān)于促進(jìn)“一帶一路”殘疾人事務(wù)合作交流的倡議》和相關(guān)文件，搭建體育設(shè)施資源共享機(jī)制，向共建“一帶一路”國(guó)家殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員、教練員開(kāi)放45個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)殘疾人夏季和冬季體育訓(xùn)練中心。2019年，舉辦共建“一帶一路”框架下殘疾人事務(wù)主題活動(dòng)體育分論壇，促成各殘疾人體育組織間互學(xué)互鑒，共同打造殘疾人體育事業(yè)交流合作典范。同年，中國(guó)殘奧委員會(huì)與芬蘭、俄羅斯、希臘等國(guó)殘奧委員會(huì)簽訂了殘疾人體育發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略合作協(xié)議。與此同時(shí)，中外地方和城市間的殘疾人體育交流日趨活躍。

IV. Contributing to International Parasports

An open China actively takes on its international responsibilities. It has succeeded in hosting the Beijing 2008 Summer Paralympics, the Shanghai 2007 Special Olympics World Summer Games, the Sixth Far East and South Pacific Games for the Disabled, and the Guangzhou 2010 Asian Para Games, and made full preparations for the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games and Hangzhou 2022 Asian Para Games. This has given a strong boost to the cause of the disabled in China and made an outstanding contribution to international parasports. China is fully engaged in international sports affairs for the disabled and continues to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with other countries and with international organizations for disabled people, building friendship among peoples of all countries, including those with disabilities.

1. Asian multi-sport events for the disabled have been staged successfully. In 1994, Beijing held the Sixth Far East and South Pacific Games for the Disabled, in which a total of 1,927 athletes from 42 countries and regions took part, making it the biggest event in the history of these games at that time. This was the first time that China had held an international multi-sport event for the disabled. It showcased China's achievements in reform and opening up and modernization, gave the rest of society a deeper understanding of its work for the disabled, boosted the development of China's programs for persons with disabilities, and raised the profile of the Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons.

In 2010, the First Asian Para Games were held in Guangzhou, attended by athletes from 41 countries and regions. This was the first sports event held after the reorganization of Asian parasports organizations. It was also the first time that the Asian Para Games were held in the same city and the same year as the Asian Games, promoting a more barrier-free environment in Guangzhou. The Asian Para Games helped to display the sporting prowess of the disabled, created a sound atmosphere for assisting persons with disabilities to integrate better into society, enabled more disabled people to share in the fruits of development, and improved the level of parasports in Asia.

In 2022, the Fourth Asian Para Games will be held in Hangzhou. Around 3,800 parasports athletes from over 40 countries and regions will compete in 604 events across 22 sports. These games will vigorously promote friendship and cooperation in Asia.

2. The Shanghai 2007 Special Olympics World Summer Games were a big success. In 2007, the 12th Special Olympics World Summer Games were held in Shanghai, attracting over 10,000 athletes and coaches from 164 countries and regions to compete in 25 sports. This was the first time that a developing country had held the Special Olympics World Summer Games and the first time the games had been held in Asia. It boosted the confidence of persons with intellectual disabilities in their efforts to integrate into society, and promoted the Special Olympics in China.

To mark the Shanghai Special Olympics World Summer Games, July 20, the opening day of the event, was designated as the National Special Olympics Day. A volunteer association named "Sunshine Home" was founded in Shanghai to help persons with intellectual disabilities to receive rehabilitative training, educational training, day care, and vocational rehabilitation. Based on this experience, the "Sunshine Home" program was rolled out nationwide to support care centers and households in providing services and help for persons with intellectual or mental disabilities and for the severely disabled.

3. The Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games were delivered to the highest possible standard. In 2008, Beijing hosted the 13th Paralympic Games, attracting 4,032 athletes from 147 countries and regions to compete in 472 events across 20 sports. The number of participating athletes, countries and regions and the number of competition events all hit a record high in the history of the Paralympic Games. The 2008 Paralympic Games made Beijing the first city in the world to bid for and host the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games at the same time; Beijing fulfilled its promise to stage "two games of equal splendor", and delivered a unique Paralympics to the highest possible standards. Its motto of "transcendence, integration and sharing" reflected China's contribution to the values of the international Paralympic Movement. These games have left a rich legacy in sports facilities, urban transport, accessible facilities, and volunteer services, representing a significant advance in China's work for persons with disabilities.

Beijing built a batch of standardized service centers named "Sweet Home" to help the disabled and their families to enjoy access to vocational rehabilitation, educational training, day care, and recreational and sports activities, creating conditions for them to integrate into society on an equal basis.

The public's understanding of provision for the disabled and their sports has increased. The concepts of "equality, participation and sharing" are taking root, while understanding, respecting, helping, and caring for the disabled are becoming the norm in society. China has delivered on its solemn promise to the international community. It has carried on the Olympic spirit of solidarity, friendship and peace, promoted mutual understanding and friendship among peoples of all countries, made the slogan of "One World, One Dream" resonate throughout the world, and won high acclaim from the international community.

4. China is going all out to prepare for the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games. In 2015, together with Zhangjiakou, Beijing won the bid to host the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. This made the city the first ever to host both the Summer and Winter Paralympics, and created major development opportunities for winter parasports. China committed to organizing a "green, inclusive, open and clean" sports event, and one that is "streamlined, safe and splendid". To this end the country has made every effort to proactively communicate and cooperate with the International Paralympic Committee and other international sports organizations in implementing all the protocols for Covid-19 control and prevention. Detailed preparations have been made for the organization of the Games and the related services, for the application of science and technology and for cultural activities during the Games.

In 2019, Beijing launched a special program to foster a barrier-free environment, focusing on 17 major tasks to rectify problems in key areas such as urban roads, public transport, public services venues, and information exchange. A total of 336,000 facilities and sites have been modified, realizing basic accessibility in the core area of the capital city, making its barrier-free environment more standardized, accommodating and systemic. Zhangjiakou has also actively nurtured a barrier-free environment, leading to a significant improvement in accessibility.

China has established and improved a winter sport system with ice and snow sports as the pillar, to encourage more disabled people to engage in winter sports. The Beijing Paralympic Winter Games will be held from March 4 to 13, 2022. As of February 20, 2022, 647 athletes from 48 countries and regions registered and would be competing in the Games. China is fully prepared to welcome athletes from all around the world to the Games.

5. China actively participates in international parasports. Greater international engagement is allowing China to play an increasingly important role in international parasports. The country has a greater say in relevant affairs, and its influence is growing. Since 1984, China has joined many international sports organizations for persons with disabilities, including the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), International Organizations of Sports for the Disabled (IOSDs), International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA), Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association (CPISRA), International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (ICSD), International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS), Special Olympics International (SOI), and Far East and South Pacific Games Federation for the Disabled (FESPIC).

It has established friendly relations with sports organizations for the disabled in numerous countries and regions. The National Paralympic Committee of China (NPCC), China Sports Association for the Deaf, and Special Olympics China have become important members of international organizations of sports for the disabled. China has proactively participated in important conferences on international sports for the disabled, such as the IPC General Assembly, that will chart the future course for development. Chinese parasports officials, referees, and experts have been elected as members of the executive board and special committees of the FESPIC, ICSD, and IBSA. In order to advance sports skills for the disabled, China has recommended and appointed professionals to serve as technical officials and international referees of relevant international sports organizations for the disabled.

6. Extensive international exchanges on parasports have been carried out. China first sent a delegation to the Third FESPIC Games in 1982 - the first time for Chinese athletes with disabilities to compete at an international sporting event. China has actively carried out international exchanges and cooperation on parasports, which are an important component of people-to-people exchanges in bilateral relations and multilateral cooperation mechanisms, including the Belt and Road Initiative and the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation.

In 2017, China hosted the Belt and Road High-level Event on Disability Cooperation and issued an initiative for promoting cooperation and exchanges on disability among Belt and Road countries and other documents, and established a network to cooperate on sharing sports facilities and resources. This includes 45 national-level training centers for summer and winter parasports that are open to athletes and coaches from Belt and Road countries. In 2019, a forum on parasports under the Belt and Road framework was held to promote mutual learning among various sports organizations for persons with disabilities, providing a model for exchanges and cooperation in the field of parasports. That same year, the NPCC signed strategic cooperation agreements with the Paralympic committees of Finland, Russia, Greece and other countries. Meanwhile, a growing number of exchanges on parasports have taken place between China and other countries at city and other local levels.

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五、殘疾人體育展現(xiàn)中國(guó)人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展進(jìn)步

中國(guó)殘疾人體育事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，不僅體現(xiàn)出殘疾人的體育精神與實(shí)力，更體現(xiàn)出中國(guó)式的人權(quán)與國(guó)家發(fā)展的成績(jī)。中國(guó)堅(jiān)持以人民為中心，將人民幸福生活作為最大的人權(quán)，促進(jìn)人權(quán)事業(yè)全面發(fā)展，切實(shí)保障包括殘疾人在內(nèi)的特定群體的各項(xiàng)權(quán)益。參與體育活動(dòng)的權(quán)利是殘疾人全面實(shí)現(xiàn)生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)的重要內(nèi)容。中國(guó)殘疾人體育事業(yè)發(fā)展，符合中國(guó)國(guó)情，有效回應(yīng)殘疾人群體的需要，促進(jìn)殘疾人身心健康。殘疾人體育是中國(guó)人權(quán)事業(yè)發(fā)展進(jìn)步的生動(dòng)寫(xiě)照，弘揚(yáng)了全人類(lèi)共同價(jià)值，促進(jìn)了各國(guó)人民的交往、了解和友誼，為構(gòu)建公平公正合理包容的全球人權(quán)治理秩序、維護(hù)世界和平發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)了中國(guó)智慧。

1.堅(jiān)持以人民為中心，促進(jìn)殘疾人身心健康。中國(guó)堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的人權(quán)理念，以發(fā)展促進(jìn)殘疾人權(quán)益保障。國(guó)家在發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略中納入殘疾人事業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了“全面建成小康社會(huì)，殘疾人一個(gè)也不能少”的目標(biāo)。體育是提高人民健康水平的重要途徑，是滿(mǎn)足人民群眾對(duì)美好生活向往的重要手段。殘疾人通過(guò)參與體育活動(dòng)，有助于改善身體機(jī)能，減輕和消除功能障礙，增強(qiáng)獨(dú)立生活能力，滿(mǎn)足興趣愛(ài)好，增加社會(huì)交往，提高生活品質(zhì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)人生價(jià)值。中國(guó)高度重視殘疾人健康權(quán)利保障，強(qiáng)調(diào)殘疾人“人人享有康復(fù)服務(wù)”。中國(guó)把殘疾人康復(fù)健身體育納入殘疾人康復(fù)服務(wù)。各級(jí)政府面向基層，創(chuàng)新服務(wù)方式，開(kāi)展廣泛的殘疾人康復(fù)健身體育工作。在學(xué)校教育中保障殘疾學(xué)生平等參與體育、增進(jìn)身心健康和發(fā)育。殘疾人的健康權(quán)利通過(guò)體育活動(dòng)得到更好保障。

2.堅(jiān)持立足中國(guó)國(guó)情，促進(jìn)殘疾人平等融合。中國(guó)堅(jiān)持把人權(quán)的普遍性原則同本國(guó)實(shí)際相結(jié)合，堅(jiān)持生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)是首要的基本人權(quán)，把增進(jìn)人民福祉、保障人民當(dāng)家作主、促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展作為發(fā)展的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)，努力維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義。中國(guó)的法律制度規(guī)定殘疾人享有與所有人平等的參與文化體育生活的權(quán)利，在實(shí)施中加強(qiáng)對(duì)殘疾人權(quán)利的平等保護(hù)和特殊扶助。國(guó)家建立和完善公共體育設(shè)施及服務(wù)，確保殘疾人獲得公共體育服務(wù)的均等化。國(guó)家采取有力措施，全面推進(jìn)體育領(lǐng)域的無(wú)障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)全民健身場(chǎng)地設(shè)施無(wú)障礙改造，完善各類(lèi)體育場(chǎng)館設(shè)施并向所有殘疾人開(kāi)放，落實(shí)合理便利支持，消除殘疾人充分參與體育活動(dòng)的外部障礙。北京冬殘奧會(huì)等體育賽事為殘疾人全面參與社會(huì)生活創(chuàng)造了體育、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化、環(huán)境、城市發(fā)展和區(qū)域發(fā)展方面的豐厚遺產(chǎn)。各地舉辦殘疾人重大體育賽事的場(chǎng)館，在賽后繼續(xù)服務(wù)殘疾人，并為城市無(wú)障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)提供了樣板。各級(jí)政府完善社區(qū)殘疾人體育設(shè)施，培育扶持殘疾人體育組織和文藝團(tuán)體，購(gòu)買(mǎi)多樣的社會(huì)服務(wù)，舉辦殘健融合的體育活動(dòng)，促進(jìn)殘疾人社區(qū)文體活動(dòng)參與率不斷提高。相關(guān)組織和機(jī)構(gòu)研發(fā)推廣適合國(guó)情和各類(lèi)別殘疾人鍛煉的小型康復(fù)體育和健身體育器材，創(chuàng)編普及項(xiàng)目和方法。殘疾人充分參與體育活動(dòng)，追求卓越，突破自我，團(tuán)結(jié)拼搏，共享平等融合，實(shí)現(xiàn)人生出彩。殘疾人體育弘揚(yáng)中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，關(guān)愛(ài)生命、弱有所扶、和合包容，鼓舞和激勵(lì)更多殘疾人熱愛(ài)體育、參與運(yùn)動(dòng)。廣大殘疾人自尊、自信、自立、自強(qiáng)，發(fā)揚(yáng)中華體育精神，在體育中展現(xiàn)生命力量和卓越品格。殘疾人通過(guò)體育活動(dòng)，平等參與社會(huì)生活的權(quán)利得到更好保障。

3.堅(jiān)持同等重視各類(lèi)人權(quán)，實(shí)現(xiàn)殘疾人全面發(fā)展。殘疾人體育是一面鏡子，折射出殘疾人的生活水平和人權(quán)狀況。中國(guó)確保殘疾人享有各項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、社會(huì)、文化權(quán)利，為殘疾人參與體育活動(dòng)和社會(huì)生活、實(shí)現(xiàn)全面發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。在發(fā)展全過(guò)程人民民主中充分吸收殘疾人及其社會(huì)組織、群眾代表的意見(jiàn)，使國(guó)家體育制度更加公平和包容。不斷加強(qiáng)殘疾人社會(huì)保障和福利服務(wù)，穩(wěn)步提高殘疾人受教育水平，更好保障殘疾人就業(yè)權(quán)利。完善殘疾人公共法律服務(wù)體系，加大對(duì)殘疾人人身財(cái)產(chǎn)的保護(hù)力度，消除基于殘疾的歧視。定期開(kāi)展殘疾人體育先進(jìn)評(píng)選，表彰在殘疾人體育發(fā)展中作出積極貢獻(xiàn)的單位和個(gè)人。加強(qiáng)對(duì)殘疾人體育活動(dòng)的宣傳報(bào)道，通過(guò)各種渠道和形式，傳播殘疾人體育新觀(guān)念新風(fēng)尚，營(yíng)造良好社會(huì)環(huán)境。社會(huì)大眾深入了解“勇氣、決心、激勵(lì)、平等”的殘奧會(huì)價(jià)值，認(rèn)同無(wú)障礙理念，增強(qiáng)平等融合意識(shí)，對(duì)殘疾人事業(yè)各項(xiàng)工作更加關(guān)注和支持。社會(huì)各界通過(guò)“殘疾人健身周”“殘疾人文化周”“全國(guó)特奧日”“殘疾人冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)季”等契機(jī)，以活動(dòng)贊助、志愿服務(wù)、拉拉隊(duì)等形式支持促進(jìn)殘疾人參與體育活動(dòng)，共享社會(huì)文明成果。殘疾人體育活動(dòng)推動(dòng)全社會(huì)增強(qiáng)尊重和保障殘疾人固有尊嚴(yán)和平等權(quán)利的社會(huì)氛圍，有力地促進(jìn)了社會(huì)文明進(jìn)步。

4.堅(jiān)持推進(jìn)國(guó)際合作，加強(qiáng)殘疾人體育交流。中國(guó)主張加強(qiáng)不同文明交流互鑒，將殘疾人體育作為殘疾人領(lǐng)域國(guó)際友好交流的重要部分。作為體育大國(guó)，中國(guó)在國(guó)際殘疾人體育事務(wù)中發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的作用，有力促進(jìn)了區(qū)域和全球殘疾人體育發(fā)展。中國(guó)殘疾人體育蓬勃發(fā)展，是中國(guó)積極履行聯(lián)合國(guó)《殘疾人權(quán)利公約》、落實(shí)聯(lián)合國(guó)2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程取得的豐碩成果。中國(guó)尊重各國(guó)文化、體育和社會(huì)制度的多樣性，強(qiáng)調(diào)國(guó)際體育活動(dòng)和規(guī)則中的公平正義。中國(guó)不附加任何條件，積極向國(guó)際殘奧委員會(huì)發(fā)展基金捐款，搭建體育設(shè)施資源共享機(jī)制，向國(guó)外殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)員、教練員開(kāi)放國(guó)家級(jí)殘疾人體育訓(xùn)練中心。中國(guó)促進(jìn)殘疾人廣泛參與國(guó)際體育活動(dòng)，增進(jìn)民間交流了解和民心相通，推動(dòng)構(gòu)建更加公平公正合理包容的全球人權(quán)治理秩序，升華了世界各國(guó)人民之間的友誼，促進(jìn)了世界和平與發(fā)展。中國(guó)強(qiáng)調(diào)殘疾人是人類(lèi)大家庭的平等成員，始終高揚(yáng)人道主義和國(guó)際主義精神，推動(dòng)殘疾人體育國(guó)際交流合作，以殘疾人體育交流合作描繪不同文明交流互鑒的宏偉畫(huà)卷，積極構(gòu)建人類(lèi)命運(yùn)共同體。

V. Achievements in Parasports Reflect Improvements in China's Human Rights

The remarkable achievements of parasports in China reflect both the sportsmanship and sporting prowess of the disabled, and the progress China is making in human rights and national development. China adheres to a people-centered approach that treats people's wellbeing as the primary human right, promotes the all-round development of human rights, and effectively protects the rights and interests of vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities. Participation in sports is an important element of the right to subsistence and development for those with disabilities. The development of parasports accords with China's general development; it effectively responds to the needs of persons with disabilities and promotes their physical and mental health. Parasports are a vivid reflection of the development and progress of human rights in China. They promote the common values of humanity, advance exchanges, understanding and friendship among peoples around the world, and contribute China's wisdom to building a fair, just, reasonable and inclusive global governance order on human rights, and to maintaining world peace and development.

1. China adheres to a people-centered approach and promotes the physical and mental health of persons with disabilities. China upholds a people-centered approach in protecting human rights, and protects rights and interests of persons with disabilities through development. The country has included programs for persons with disabilities in its development strategies and achieved the goal of "building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, leaving no one behind, including persons with disabilities". Sports are an effective means of boosting people's health and meeting their desire for a better life. For those with disabilities, participating in sports can help build up fitness and mitigate and remove functional impairment. It can increase the individual's capacity to self-support, to pursue interests and hobbies, to increase social interaction, to improve life quality, and to achieve their life's potential.

China attaches great importance to protecting the right to health of persons with disabilities and emphasizes that "every disabled person should have access to rehabilitation services". Sports for the disabled have been incorporated into rehabilitation services. Governments at all levels have explored new ways of serving persons with disabilities at the grassroots, and carried out extensive rehabilitation and fitness activities by way of sports. In schools, students with disabilities have been guaranteed equal participation in sports in a bid to ensure their physical and mental health and promote their sound growth. The disabled have a stronger guarantee of the right to health through physical activities.

2. China upholds equality and integration for persons with disabilities in the context of the national conditions. China always applies the principle of universality of human rights in the context of the national conditions, and firmly believes that the rights to subsistence and development are the primary and basic human rights. Improving people's wellbeing, making sure that they are the masters of the country, and promoting their all-round development are key goals, and China works hard to uphold social equality and justice.

Chinese laws and regulations stipulate that persons with disabilities are entitled to equal participation in cultural and sport activities. In consequence, the disabled enjoy stronger protection of rights and are rendered special assistance. China has built and improved public sport facilities, provided related services, and ensured equal public sport services for persons with disabilities. It has also adopted other vigorous measures to create an accessible environment in sports - renovating sports venues and facilities to make them more accessible for the disabled, upgrading and opening stadiums and gymnasiums to all disabled people, providing necessary support in the convenient use of these facilities, and eliminating external barriers hindering their full participation in sports.

Sports events such as the Beijing Paralympic Games have led to greater participation of the disabled in social activities, not only in sports but also in economic, social, cultural and environmental affairs, and in urban and regional development. Major parasports venues across China continue to serve the disabled after the events are over, becoming a model for barrier-free urban development.

In order to raise the participation of the disabled in community art and sport activities, local authorities have also improved community parasports facilities, nurtured and supported their sport and art organizations, purchased diverse social services, and hosted sport activities involving both the disabled and those in good health. Relevant organizations and agencies have developed and popularized small-scale rehabilitation and fitness equipment suited to local conditions and customized for persons with various types of disability. They have also created and provided popular programs and methods.

The disabled can fully participate in sports in order to explore the limits of their potential and break through boundaries. Through unity and hard work, they can enjoy equality and participation and a successful life. Parasports promote traditional Chinese cultural values such as harmony, inclusion, cherishing life, and helping the weak, and inspire many more persons with disabilities to develop a passion for parasports and begin to participate. Demonstrating self-esteem, confidence, independence, and strength, they carry forward the spirit of China's sports. Showcasing their vitality and character through sports, they better secure their rights to equality and participation in society.

3. China attaches equal importance to all human rights to achieve all-round development for persons with disabilities. Parasports are a mirror reflecting the living standards and human rights of persons with disabilities. China guarantees their economic, political, social and cultural rights, laying a solid foundation for them to participate in sports, be active in other fields, and achieve all-round development. While building whole-process people's democracy, China has solicited suggestions from the disabled, their representatives, and their organizations, to make the national sports system more equal and inclusive.

Numerous services for persons with disabilities have been strengthened and improved: social security, welfare services, education, the right to employment, public legal services, protection of their personal and property rights, and efforts to eliminate discrimination. Outstanding athletes in the field of parasports are regularly commended, as are individuals and organizations contributing to the development of parasports.

Publicity to promote parasports has been intensified, spreading new concepts and trends through various channels and means, and creating a favorable social environment. The general public has gained a deeper understanding of the Paralympic values of "courage, determination, inspiration and equality". They endorse the ideas of equality, integration, and elimination of barriers, take a greater interest in undertakings concerning persons with disabilities, and offer their support.

There is wide social participation in events such as Fitness Week for Persons with Disabilities, Cultural Week for Persons with Disabilities, National Special Olympic Day, and Winter Sports Season for Persons with Disabilities. Activities such as sponsorship, volunteer services and cheering squads support and encourage persons with disabilities to take part in sports and share the benefits brought by social progress.

Parasports have helped to create a milieu encouraging society as a whole to better respect and guarantee the inherent dignity and equal rights of persons with disabilities. In so doing they have made an effective contribution to social progress.

4. China encourages international cooperation and exchanges in parasports. China upholds mutual learning and exchanges between civilizations, and regards parasports as a major part of international exchanges among the disabled. As a major sport power, China plays a growing role in international parasports affairs, vigorously promoting the development of parasports in the region and the world at large.

The boom in parasports in China is the result of the country's active implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China respects diversity in other countries' cultural, sport and social systems, and promotes equality and justice in international sport activities and rules. It has made unconditional donations to the Development Fund for the International Paralympic Committee, and it has built a sports infrastructure and resource-sharing mechanism, and opened its national parasports training centers to disabled athletes and coaches from other countries.

China encourages persons with disabilities to engage in widespread international sport activities, so as to expand people-to-people exchanges, enhance mutual understanding and connectivity, bring people of various countries closer, achieve fairer, more rational and inclusive global human rights governance, and promote world peace and development.

China upholds humanism and internationalism, emphasizes that all those with disabilities are equal members of the human family, and promotes international parasports cooperation and exchanges. This contributes to mutual learning through exchanges between civilizations, and to the building of a global community of shared future.

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結(jié)束語(yǔ)

關(guān)心殘疾人，是社會(huì)文明的重要標(biāo)志。發(fā)展殘疾人體育，對(duì)于激勵(lì)廣大殘疾人自尊、自信、自立、自強(qiáng)，弘揚(yáng)自強(qiáng)不息時(shí)代精神，營(yíng)造全社會(huì)理解、尊重、關(guān)心、支持殘疾人和殘疾人事業(yè)，共同促進(jìn)殘疾人全面發(fā)展和共同富裕有著十分重要的作用。新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)，特別是中共十八大以來(lái)，中國(guó)殘疾人體育事業(yè)取得舉世矚目的成績(jī)。同時(shí)也要看到，中國(guó)殘疾人體育發(fā)展仍然不平衡、不充分，存在較大的地區(qū)和城鄉(xiāng)差距，服務(wù)能力仍然不足，康復(fù)健身體育的參與率還需進(jìn)一步提高，殘疾人冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)還需進(jìn)一步普及，發(fā)展殘疾人體育依然任重道遠(yuǎn)。

在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，在全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家新征程中，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨和中國(guó)政府堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，堅(jiān)持弱有所扶，保障殘疾人平等權(quán)利，增進(jìn)殘疾人民生福祉，提高殘疾人自我發(fā)展能力，切實(shí)尊重和保障包括殘疾人參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的權(quán)利在內(nèi)的各項(xiàng)權(quán)益，推動(dòng)殘疾人事業(yè)向現(xiàn)代化邁進(jìn)，不斷滿(mǎn)足廣大殘疾人對(duì)美好生活的向往。

Conclusion

The care that is provided for the disabled is a marker of social progress. Developing parasports plays a vital role in encouraging persons with disabilities to build self-esteem, confidence, independence, and strength, and pursue self-improvement. It carries forward the spirit of continuous self-renewal and creates an atmosphere that encourages the whole of society to understand, respect, care for and support disabled people and their cause. It encourages people to work together to promote the all-round development and common prosperity of the disabled.

Since the founding of the PRC, and especially following the 18th CPC National Congress, China has made remarkable progress in parasports. At the same time, it should be noted that progress remains imbalanced and inadequate. There is a huge gap between different regions and between rural and urban areas, and the capacity to provide services remains insufficient. The rate of participation in rehabilitation, fitness and sport activities needs to be increased, and winter parasports should be further popularized. There is much more work yet to be done in further developing parasports.

Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at the core, the Party and the Chinese government will continue to uphold the people-centered development philosophy in building China into a modern socialist country in all respects. They will spare no effort to provide assistance to vulnerable groups, ensure that the disabled enjoy equal rights, and improve their wellbeing and their self-development skills. Concrete measures will be taken to respect and protect disabled people's rights and interests, including the right to participate in sports, in order to promote the cause of persons with disabilities and meet their expectations for a better life.