隨身英語
Obstacles to the correct decision 阻礙我們作出正確決定的因素
我們每天都要作出各種各樣的決定，有些決定至關重要，有些則無關緊要。聰明的人就一定會作出最明智的選擇嗎？本期節目討論阻礙人們作出正確決定的因素。
詞匯：making decisions 作決定
Life is full of choices, some inconsequential, some really significant. But sometimes it can be hard to make the correct one. What are the obstacles that stand between us and a good outcome?
Some of us just find it hard to decide. Alice Boyes, writing for Harvard Business Review, tells us this can be connected to perfectionism, where people attempt to find a perfect solution to any problem and are unable to move forward when they can't find one. It might seem that being indecisive would stop us making the right decision, but in fact it could actually help us make the correct ones.
Susan Krauss in Psychology Today reminds us that people often make bad decisions because they base them on preconceptions rather than the context in which things happen. She highlights a paper by researcher Iris Schneider which finds that indecisive people are more likely to look at different perspectives and use them to come to a better decision. So, it could be that a more significant barrier to making the best choice is our cognitive biases.
David Robson, speaking to the BBC's Crowd Science, tells us that intelligence can sometimes stop people making the right decision. People sometimes use intelligence to invent justifications for irrational beliefs. He believes that humility is key to making a good decision. People who can accept that they might be wrong are more likely to consider different viewpoints. He is backed up on this by Jeff Bezos. Tech CEO Jason Fried recalls the Amazon founder saying how the people who were right a lot of the time were the people who often changed their minds.
So, maybe rather than indecision, it might be intelligence and decisiveness, backed up by our biases that actually stop us making good choices. While humility and indecisiveness could help us pick the best option.
詞匯表
choice 選擇
inconsequential 無關緊要的
significant 重要的
good outcome 好的結果
decide 作決定
perfectionism 完美主義
perfect solution 完美的解決辦法
indecisive 猶豫不決的
preconception 先入之見，成見
perspective （思考問題的）角度，觀點
come to a decision 作出一個決定
barrier 障礙
cognitive bias 認知偏差
justification 辯解，正當理由
irrational belief 非理性的看法
humility 謙遜
change one's mind 改變主意
indecisiveness 猶豫不決
測驗與練習
1. 閱讀課文并回答問題。
1. What other personality trait is linked to indecisiveness?
2. True or false? Indecisiveness can make us happier.
3. According to Schneider, what are indecisive people more likely to consider?
4. How can intelligence stop us making good decisions?
5. According to Jeff Bezos, what characteristic makes people right a lot of the time?
2. 選擇意思恰當的單詞或詞組來完成下列句子。
1. It's important to get _______ decisions correct.
inconsequential significant decisive perfectionist
2. Indecisiveness is a personality _______.
choice justification trait perspective
3. It's good to be able to _______ your mind.
decide choose justify change
4. It's not always easy to _______ to a decision.
go reach come choose
5. Looking at things from different _______ can help us make good decisions.
outcomes traits preconceptions perspectives
答案
1. 閱讀課文并回答問題。
1. What other personality trait is linked to indecisiveness?
Indecisiveness is linked to perfectionism.
2. True or false? Indecisiveness can make us happier.
False. According to Eric Rassin, it is linked to lower life satisfaction.
3. According to Schneider, what are indecisive people more likely to consider?
Schneider found that indecisive people are more likely to consider different perspectives.
4. How can intelligence stop us making good decisions?
David Robson tells us that intelligent people sometimes use their intelligence to invent justifications for irrational beliefs.
5. According to Jeff Bezos, what characteristic makes people right a lot of the time?
According to Jeff Bezos, people who often change their mind tend to be right a lot of the time.
2. 選擇意思恰當的單詞或詞組來完成下列句子。
1. It's important to get significant decisions correct.
2. Indecisiveness is a personality trait.
3. It's good to be able to change your mind.
4. It's not always easy to come to a decision.
5. Looking at things from different perspectives can help us make good decisions.
