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經(jīng)常看英美劇的同學(xué),大概每個人的關(guān)注劇中都有一兩部是律政題材的吧?像《訴訟雙雄》(Suits)、《風(fēng)騷律師》(Better Call Saul)、《皇家律師》(Silk),以及最新的《美國犯罪故事》(American Crime Story)等。看劇中人物在法庭上唇槍舌戰(zhàn)固然精彩,不過,有些法庭用語大家都能明白嗎?
今天為大家奉上法庭詞匯第二期,上一期的你還記得多少啊?
Terms Commonly Used in Court Part 2
法庭常用詞匯(2)
Incarceration 監(jiān)禁
例句:
This time his period of incarceration will last longer.
這一次,他的監(jiān)禁期要長一些。
Indictment 訴狀,起訴書
例句:
The government's indictment against the three men alleged unlawful trading.
政府在對這三個人的起訴書中指控他們從事非法貿(mào)易。
Insanity Plea(plea of insanity) 以精神錯亂為由抗辯
例句:
Phillips murdered his wife, but got off on a plea of insanity.
菲利普斯謀殺了他的妻子,但以精神錯亂為由逃脫了懲罰。
Judgment 判決
注:這個詞有兩個拼法,judgment和judgement,用于指代法庭相關(guān)的“判決,判決書”等意思時多用judgment,而用于非法律相關(guān)的“判斷”之意時多用judgement。
例句:
The Court is expected to give its judgment within the next ten days.
法庭應(yīng)于10日內(nèi)作出判決。
Jurisdiction 司法權(quán),管轄權(quán)
例句:
The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country.
法院對駐本國的外交官無裁判權(quán)。
Jury 陪審團(tuán)
例句:
The six-person jury deliberated about two hours before returning with the verdict.
6人陪審團(tuán)認(rèn)真商議了約兩個小時后作出了裁定。
Legal Aid 法律援助(指對無錢聘請律師或進(jìn)行訴訟者給予的專業(yè)法律援助)
例句:
If she gets that far, Jane may get legal aid to take her case to court.
如果走到那個地步,簡也許能得到法律援助去打官司。
Litigant 訴訟當(dāng)事人
例句:
Plaintiffs and defendants are both litigants.
原告和被告都屬于訴訟當(dāng)事人。
Mediation 調(diào)解
例句:
All efforts of mediation by a third party were in vain at all.
第三方的所有調(diào)解嘗試均告失敗。
Misdemeanor 不法行為,輕罪
例句:
Since when does a misdemeanor drunk-in-public need 2 detectives?
何時開始在公共場合醉酒這樣的輕罪要出動兩個探員?
Motion (訴訟參與方或者與案件相關(guān)的一方向法官提出的)動議
例句:
He is eligible now to file a motion for a new trial.
他現(xiàn)在有資格提議重新進(jìn)行審判。
Negligence 失職,疏忽
Negligence of duty就是“玩忽職守”。
例句:
The accident was caused by negligence on the part of the driver.
事故是由于司機(jī)的過失造成的。
Not Guilty 無罪
例句:
He was found not guilty, by reason of insanity.
他以精神失常為理由獲判無罪。
“無罪”的另一個說法是acquittal,二者的區(qū)別是,not guilty是形容詞形式,陪審團(tuán)宣布被告“無罪”,而acquittal是名詞形式,是正式的“無罪判決”。
例句:
The jury voted 8-to-4 in favor of acquittal.
陪審團(tuán)以8比4的投票結(jié)果贊成無罪判決。
Objection 反對
在法庭上,一方律師對另一方的陳述或提問表示objection(反對)時,法官一般會做出兩種反應(yīng):sustained(反對有效),overruled(反對無效)。法官判定反對有效時,相關(guān)方面需改變提問方式或者提問內(nèi)容。
例句:
He raised several objections to the judge, but all of them were overruled.
他對法官提了好幾次反對,可是都被判無效。
Parole 假釋
例句:
People on parole must follow certain rules.
被假釋的人必須遵守一定的規(guī)定。
Perjury 偽證罪
例句:
You'll be punished if you procure the witness to commit perjury.
如果你誘使證人作偽證,你要受罰的。
Plaintiff 原告
例句:
The plaintiff's sole witness, a gambler and layabout, was easily discredited.
原告唯一的證人嗜賭成性,游手好閑,其證詞一下子就被推翻了。
Plea (被告或被告律師的)抗辯
例句:
We will enter a plea of not guilty...
我們將進(jìn)行無罪抗辯。
Probation 緩刑
例句:
The thief was put on probation for two years.
這個小偷被處以兩年緩刑。
未完待續(xù)(To be continued)
(中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津 Helen)
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