國務院新聞辦公室10月27日發表《中國應對氣候變化的政策與行動》白皮書。

雙語全文如下：

中國應對氣候變化的政策與行動
Responding to Climate Change:
China’s Policies and Actions

（2021年10月）
中華人民共和國
國務院新聞辦公室
The State Council Information Office of
the People’s Republic of China
October 2021

目錄
Contents

前言
Preface

一、中國應對氣候變化新理念
I. China’s New Responses to Climate Change

二、實施積極應對氣候變化國家戰略
II. Implementing a National Strategy of Actively Responding
to Climate Change

三、中國應對氣候變化發生歷史性變化
III. Significant Changes in China’s Response to Climate Change

四、共建公平合理、合作共贏的全球氣候治理體系
IV. Building a Fair and Rational Global Climate Governance System
for Win-Win Results

結束語
Conclusion

前言
Preface

氣候變化是全人類的共同挑戰。應對氣候變化，事關中華民族永續發展，關乎人類前途命運。
Climate change is a challenge for all of humanity. The sustainable development of the Chinese nation and the future of the planet depend on tackling it successfully.

中國高度重視應對氣候變化。作為世界上最大的發展中國家，中國克服自身經濟、社會等方面困難，實施一系列應對氣候變化戰略、措施和行動，參與全球氣候治理，應對氣候變化取得了積極成效。
China attaches great importance to its response to climate change. As the largest developing country in the world, China has adopted a number of policies, measures and actions to tackle climate change and take part in global climate governance, despite the difficulties this creates for its own economic and social development. These efforts have achieved positive results.

中共十八大以來，在習近平生態文明思想指引下，中國貫徹新發展理念，將應對氣候變化擺在國家治理更加突出的位置，不斷提高碳排放強度削減幅度，不斷強化自主貢獻目標，以最大努力提高應對氣候變化力度，推動經濟社會發展全面綠色轉型，建設人與自然和諧共生的現代化。2020年9月22日，中國國家主席習近平在第七十五屆聯合國大會一般性辯論上鄭重宣示：中國將提高國家自主貢獻力度，采取更加有力的政策和措施，二氧化碳排放力爭于2030年前達到峰值，努力爭取2060年前實現碳中和。中國正在為實現這一目標而付諸行動。
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) convened in 2012, guided by Xi Jinping thought on eco-civilization and committed to the new development philosophy, China has made the response to climate change a higher priority in state governance. It has steadily reduced the intensity of its carbon emissions, reinforced the effort to achieve its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and maximized its drive to mitigate climate change. It has adopted green and low-carbon approaches in its economic and social development, and worked to build a modernized country in which humanity and nature coexist in harmony.
At the general debate of the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly on September 22, 2020, President Xi Jinping announced that China would scale up its NDCs by adopting more vigorous policies and measures, strive to peak CO2 emissions before 2030, and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. China is taking pragmatic actions towards these goals.

作為負責任的國家，中國積極推動共建公平合理、合作共贏的全球氣候治理體系，為應對氣候變化貢獻中國智慧中國力量。面對氣候變化嚴峻挑戰，中國愿與國際社會共同努力、并肩前行，助力《巴黎協定》行穩致遠，為全球應對氣候變化作出更大貢獻。
As a responsible country, China is committed to building a global climate governance system that is fair, rational, cooperative and beneficial to all, and makes its due contribution to tackling climate change using its greatest strengths and most effective solutions. Confronted by the challenges of climate change, China is willing to work together with the international community to ensure the Paris Agreement delivers steady and lasting results, and make greater contribution to the global response.

為介紹中國應對氣候變化進展，分享中國應對氣候變化實踐和經驗，增進國際社會了解，特發布本白皮書。
The Chinese government is publishing this white paper to document its progress in mitigating climate change, and to share its experience and approaches with the rest of the international community.

一、中國應對氣候變化新理念
I. China’s New Responses to Climate Change

中國把應對氣候變化作為推進生態文明建設、實現高質量發展的重要抓手，基于中國實現可持續發展的內在要求和推動構建人類命運共同體的責任擔當，形成應對氣候變化新理念，以中國智慧為全球氣候治理貢獻力量。
China’s responses to climate change are an important part of its efforts to achieve eco-environmental progress and high-quality development. Based on the requirements of its internal sustainable development, and its due responsibility for building a global community of shared future, China has formulated new principles on tackling climate change and is contributing its solutions to global climate governance.

（一）牢固樹立共同體意識
1. Building a Strong Sense of Common Community

堅持共建人類命運共同體。地球是人類唯一賴以生存的家園，面對全球氣候挑戰，人類是一榮俱榮、一損俱損的命運共同體，沒有哪個國家能獨善其身。世界各國應該加強團結、推進合作，攜手共建人類命運共同體。這是各國人民的共同期待，也是中國為人類發展提供的新方案。
China advocates a joint effort to build a global community of shared future. The earth is the only home we have. Human beings share a common future in the face of the challenges presented by global climate change, and no country can make itself immune from the impact. Therefore, all countries should strengthen solidarity and cooperation, and build a global community of shared future together. This is China’s new vision for human development, in the common interest of all peoples.

堅持共建人與自然生命共同體。中華文明歷來崇尚天人合一、道法自然。但人類進入工業文明時代以來，在創造巨大物質財富的同時，人與自然深層次矛盾日益凸顯，當前的新冠肺炎疫情更是觸發了對人與自然關系的深刻反思。大自然孕育撫養了人類，人類應該以自然為根，尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然。中國站在對人類文明負責的高度，積極應對氣候變化，構建人與自然生命共同體，推動形成人與自然和諧共生新格局。
China also advocates a community of harmony between humanity and nature. The Chinese people have always valued the idea that human beings are an integral part of nature and should follow the laws of nature. Industrial civilization, which has created massive material wealth, has also laid bare the growing tensions in the relationship between humans and nature. The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has further stimulated profound reflection on that relationship. Mother Nature has nourished us, and we must treat her as our root, respect her, protect her, and follow her laws. Through a sense of responsibility to human civilization, China is making every effort to fight climate change, build a community of harmony between humanity and nature, and help foster a new relationship where humanity and nature can both live and prosper in harmony.

（二）貫徹新發展理念
2. Implementing the New Development Philosophy

理念是行動的先導。立足新發展階段，中國秉持創新、協調、綠色、開放、共享的新發展理念，加快構建新發展格局。在新發展理念中，綠色發展是永續發展的必要條件和人民對美好生活追求的重要體現，也是應對氣候變化問題的重要遵循。綠水青山就是金山銀山，保護生態環境就是保護生產力，改善生態環境就是發展生產力。應對氣候變化代表了全球綠色低碳轉型的大方向。中國摒棄損害甚至破壞生態環境的發展模式，順應當代科技革命和產業變革趨勢，抓住綠色轉型帶來的巨大發展機遇，以創新為驅動，大力推進經濟、能源、產業結構轉型升級，推動實現綠色復蘇發展，讓良好生態環境成為經濟社會可持續發展的支撐。
Actions are driven by philosophies. In this new development stage, China pursues a philosophy that development must be innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared, and accelerates the pace in creating a new development dynamic. Among the five axes of the new philosophy, green development is a necessary condition for sustainability. It represents the people’s aspiration for a better life, and is a key guide for China’s climate actions. China holds the view that clear waters and green mountains are invaluable assets, and that eco-environmental protection and improvement lead to greater productivity. Mitigating climate change reflects the overall global transition towards green and low-carbon living. China has abandoned its previous development model that damaged or even destroyed the eco-environment. Instead, following the current technological revolution and industrial trends, it has seized the opportunities created by green transition, transformed and upgraded its economic and industrial structure and energy mix through innovation, and achieved a green recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic. A better eco-environment is boosting China’s sustainable economic and social development.

（三）以人民為中心
3. Taking a People-Centered Approach

氣候變化給各國經濟社會發展和人民生命財產安全帶來嚴重威脅，應對氣候變化關系最廣大人民的根本利益。減緩與適應氣候變化不僅是增強人民群眾生態環境獲得感的迫切需要，而且可以為人民提供更高質量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持續、更為安全的發展空間。中國堅持人民至上、生命至上，呵護每個人的生命、價值、尊嚴，充分考慮人民對美好生活的向往、對優良環境的期待、對子孫后代的責任，探索應對氣候變化和發展經濟、創造就業、消除貧困、保護環境的協同增效，在發展中保障和改善民生，在綠色轉型過程中努力實現社會公平正義，增加人民獲得感、幸福感、安全感。
Climate change poses a severe threat to the economic and social development of all countries and to people’s lives and property. Therefore our responses affect the fundamental interests of all people. Mitigating and adapting to climate change are essential for increasing the people’s sense of eco-environmental gain, and will provide them with a fairer, more sustainable and safer environment that promotes higher quality and more efficient development. China puts people and lives first, and cherishes the life, value and dignity of every individual. Taking into full consideration the people’s aspiration for a better life, their expectation of a sound eco-environment, and their responsibility for future generations, China is pioneering a new approach that synergizes the efforts to fight climate change, develop the economy, generate employment, eliminate poverty, and protect the environment. It guarantees and improves people’s wellbeing through development, strives for social equity and justice in the process of green transition, and increases people’s sense of gain, happiness and security.

（四）大力推進碳達峰碳中和
4. Striving for Carbon Neutrality

實現碳達峰、碳中和是中國深思熟慮作出的重大戰略決策，是著力解決資源環境約束突出問題、實現中華民族永續發展的必然選擇，是構建人類命運共同體的莊嚴承諾。中國將碳達峰、碳中和納入經濟社會發展全局，堅持系統觀念，統籌發展和減排、整體和局部、短期和中長期的關系，以經濟社會發展全面綠色轉型為引領，以能源綠色低碳發展為關鍵，加快形成節約資源和保護環境的產業結構、生產方式、生活方式、空間格局，堅定不移走生態優先、綠色低碳的高質量發展道路。
To achieve the goals of peaking carbon emissions and subsequent carbon neutrality is one of China’s major strategies, defined after careful consideration. This is a must-do in order to relieve the serious constraints imposed by resources and the environment on China’s economic growth, and to achieve sustainable development. It is also a solemn commitment towards building a global community of shared future. China has incorporated this decision into its overall economic and social development, adopting a holistic approach and balancing the relationships between economic growth and emissions reduction, between overall and regional interests, and between short, medium, and long-term growth. Led by the green economic and social transition, China is focusing on green and low-carbon development of the energy sector, and accelerating the formation of industrial structures, production modes, ways of work and life and spatial configurations that help to conserve resources and protect the environment. It is fully committed to high-quality development that prioritize eco-environmental protection and green and low-carbon way of life.

（五）減污降碳協同增效
5. Synergizing the Reduction of Pollution and Carbon Emissions

二氧化碳和常規污染物的排放具有同源性，大部分來自化石能源的燃燒和利用。控制化石能源利用和碳排放對經濟結構、能源結構、交通運輸結構和生產生活方式都將產生深遠的影響，有利于倒逼和推動經濟結構綠色轉型，助推高質量發展；有利于減緩氣候變化帶來的不利影響，減少對人民生命財產和經濟社會造成的損失；有利于推動污染源頭治理，實現降碳與污染物減排、改善生態環境質量協同增效；有利于促進生物多樣性保護，提升生態系統服務功能。中國把握污染防治和氣候治理的整體性，以結構調整、布局優化為重點，以政策協同、機制創新為手段，推動減污降碳協同增效一體謀劃、一體部署、一體推進、一體考核，協同推進環境效益、氣候效益、經濟效益多贏，走出一條符合國情的溫室氣體減排道路。
Carbon dioxide and other ordinary pollutants often come from the same sources, mainly from the burning and utilization of fossil fuels. Controlling the use of fossil fuels and consequently reducing carbon emissions have a lasting impact on the economic structure, energy mix, forms of transport, modes of production, and ways of life. It will boost high-quality development by pressing for the green transition of the economy; it will be conducive to mitigating climate change and the damage it causes to life, property, society, and the economy; it will facilitate the source control of pollution, achieving synergy between pollution and carbon reduction and improvement of the eco-environment; it will help conserve biodiversity and improve ecosystems.
China sees pollution prevention and control as an integral part of the response to climate change. Through structural adjustment, optimized configuration, policy synergy and innovative mechanisms, efforts to reduce pollution and carbon emissions are planned and carried out in tandem, and the performance assessment of the two is also conducted jointly. Balancing environmental, climate and economic gains, China has found a unique path to reducing greenhouse gas emissions that conforms to its actual conditions.