疫情之下，美國卻出現了“大離職潮”。從去年開始，員工紛紛離職，讓許多公司束手無策。調查發現，新冠疫情并不是這波離職潮的頭號原因。

US workers are walking off the job — and finding a better one.

美國員工正紛紛離職，尋找更好的工作機會。

Some 4.3 million people quit their job for another in January in a pandemic-era phenomenon that’s become known as “The Great Resignation.” Quits peaked at 4.5 million in November. Before COVID-19, that figure averaged at fewer than 3 million quits per month. But the No. 1 reason they’re quitting? It’s the same old story.

“大離職潮”是疫情期間的一大現象，今年1月份約430萬美國人跳槽，去年11月離職人數達到了450萬的高峰。在新冠疫情暴發前，美國每月平均離職人數不到300萬。然而疫情是美國人離職的頭號原因嗎？其實人們的離職原因還和以前一樣。

Workers say low pay and a lack of opportunities for advancement (63% respectively) are the biggest reason why they quit their jobs last year, followed by feeling disrespected at work (57%), according to a survey of more than 9,000 people by the Pew Research Center, a think tank based in Washington, D.C.

總部在華盛頓特區的智庫皮尤研究中心開展了一項涵蓋9000多人的調查，結果發現美國人去年離職的頭號原因是薪酬低以及缺乏晉升機會（各占63%），其次是在職場中感覺不受尊重（57%）。

"Roughly half say child-care issues were a reason they quit a job (48% among those with a child younger than 18 in the household),” Pew said. “A similar share point to a lack of flexibility to choose when they put in their hours (45%) or not having good benefits such as health insurance and paid time off (43%).”

皮尤研究中心指出：“約半數（48%）家中有18歲以下孩子的受訪者表示，無人照料孩子是自己離職的原因之一。還有相近比例的受訪者表示離職是因為缺乏彈性工作時間（45%）或沒有醫保、帶薪休假等福利（43%）。”

Pressures have intensified for people to work more hours and/or for better wages with inflation now at a 40-year high as COVID-related stimulus programs wind down. Meanwhile, credit-card debt and interest rates are on the rise, and two years of an uncertain and unsteady work environment has taken a toll on people’s savings.

隨著疫情相關的經濟刺激禮包發放完畢，通貨膨脹又創下40年新高，人們被迫增加工作時間和尋求更高的薪酬。與此同時，信用卡債務和利率節節攀升，長達兩年不確定又不穩定的工作環境也讓人們花掉了許多積蓄。

The good news: More than half of workers who switched jobs say that they’re now earning more money (56%), have more opportunities for advancement, have an easier time balancing work and family responsibilities, and have more flexibility to choose when they put in their work hours, Pew said.

不過，皮尤研究中心也帶來了好消息：超半數（56%）跳槽的員工表示，他們現在薪水增加了，有更多升職機會，能更好地平衡工作和家庭責任，工作時間也更有彈性了。

However, when asked whether their reasons for quitting a job were related to COVID-19, over 30% of those in the Pew survey said yes. “Those without a four-year college degree (34%) are more likely than those with a bachelor’s degree or more education (21%) to say the pandemic played a role in their decision,” it added.

但是，在皮尤問及離職原因是否與新冠疫情有關時，超30%的受訪者給出了肯定的答案。皮尤調查報告補充道：“那些沒有大學四年本科學歷的人（34%）比那些擁有本科以上學歷的人（21%）更傾向于認為疫情和自己離職的決定有關。”

In an effort to cast more light on worker sentiment, Gallup asked more than 13,000 US employees what was most important to them when deciding whether to accept a new job. Respondents listed six factors, said Ben Wigert, the director of research and strategy for Gallup’s workplace management practice.

為了進一步了解員工的心聲，蓋洛普公司詢問了逾1.3萬名美國員工這個問題：在決定是否要接受一份新工作時，哪個因素對他們影響最大？據蓋洛普職場管理實務部調研和策略主管本·韋格特透露，受訪者列出了6個因素。

A significant rise in income or benefits was the No. 1 reason, followed by greater work-life balance and better personal well-being, the ability to do what they do best, greater stability and job security, COVID-19 vaccination policies that align with their beliefs, and the organization’s diversity and inclusivity of all types of people.

員工跳槽的第一大原因是收入或福利有顯著增加，其次是改善工作與生活間的平衡、提升個人幸福感，然后是能夠做自己最擅長的事、工作穩定有保障、與自己理念相合的新冠疫苗接種政策，還有機構的多元化和對各種人員的包容性。

英文來源：Market Watch

翻譯&編輯：丹妮