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Wharf, quay, pier, jetty 辨析四個表示 “碼頭” 的名詞

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雖然名詞 “wharf、quay、pier” 和 “jetty” 都可以翻譯成 “碼頭”,但它們所指的 “碼頭” 類型卻不同。在四個詞當中,“wharf” 和 “quay” 通常指 “裝卸貨物或供乘客上下船使用的大型碼頭”,而 “pier” 和 “jetty” 多指 “用于乘客上下船的、延伸到水面上的突堤碼頭”。聽節(jié)目,學習辨析這四個近義詞的用法。

歡迎你加入并和我們一起討論英語學習的方方面面。請通過微博 “BBC英語教學” 或郵件與我們取得聯(lián)系。我們的郵箱地址是 questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

文字稿

(關于臺詞的備注: 請注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過程中對節(jié)目做出的改變。)

Beth
Hello and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Beth.

Jiaying
And I'm Jiaying. 本期節(jié)目要回答的問題如下:

Question
I would like to know the difference between 'wharf', 'quay', 'pier' and 'jetty' as they all mean '碼頭' in Chinese. It's a bit confusing to distinguish between them. Thank you.

Beth
Thanks for your question! We're going to look at the meaning of each word and will give you some examples!

Jiaying
因為問題中的名詞 “wharf” 和 “quay” 所指的事物比較相似,所以先來講一講這兩個詞。

Beth
Both 'wharf' and 'quay' are a safe landing area for ships and boats by the river or sea.

Jiaying
是的,“wharf” 和 “quay” 都有 “碼頭” 的意思。船舶會在 “wharf” 或者 “quay” 邊上靠岸,兩個詞所指的 “碼頭” 都可以用來裝卸貨物或供乘客上下船。這兩個詞所指的 “碼頭” 通常占地面積很大。

Beth
They are usually made of stone or metal and their position is parallel to the shore. The main difference, though, is that a 'wharf' is bigger than a 'quay'. A 'wharf' usually has a series of docking areas for boats.

Jiaying
補充一點:名詞 “wharf” 所指的 “碼頭” 可能包含多個 “quays”,這類大型碼頭的空間更大,因此裝得下更多艘船。聽兩個例句。

Examples
There are three ships coming into the wharf now.
(有三艘船正在駛入碼頭。)

We need to wait for our boat on the quay.
(我們需要在碼頭等船。)

Beth
A 'wharf' often has buildings on it too, like offices and warehouses, because of its size.

Jiaying
如今,有一些舊的碼頭 “wharves” 被改建成了住宅區(qū)或辦公樓,地名中仍保留了 “wharf” 一詞。比如,倫敦的 “金絲雀碼頭” 就是 “Canary Wharf”。注意,“wharf, w h a r f” 的復數(shù)變化是不規(guī)則的,變成 “wharves, w h a r v e s”。

Examples
I manage the ships from a huge office on the wharf.
(我在碼頭的一個大辦公室里管理船舶。)

At the quay, the fishermen unloaded the fish they had caught.
(在碼頭,漁民們把他們捕獲的魚卸了下來。)

Jiaying
講完了名詞 “wharf” 和 “quay”,現(xiàn)在來看看名詞 “pier” 和 “jetty”。

Beth
Both a 'pier' and a 'jetty' are used by passengers to get on and off boats. They're usually wooden or concrete.

Jiaying
雖然 “pier” 和 “jetty” 也會被翻譯成 “碼頭”,但它們特指 “從陸地延伸到湖、河、海中,用木頭或混凝土等制成的突堤”?!癙ier” 和 “jetty” 都從岸邊延伸到水面上。

Beth
However, a 'pier' can also have entertainment, such as an arcade, or amenities, like cafes, on it.

Jiaying
是的,在 “pier” 所指的 “突堤碼頭,棧橋” 上,通常建有各類休閑娛樂設施。人們來這里游玩。而 “jetty” 則只是為了船舶停靠和乘客上下船而建造的。聽兩個例句。

Examples
On my birthday, we went to the pier to play in the arcade.
(在我生日那天,我們去碼頭上的休閑娛樂區(qū)打街機。)

Your boat leaves from the jetty at 11 o'clock.
(你要乘的船11點鐘從突堤碼頭出發(fā)。)

Beth
Another difference between a 'pier' and a 'jetty' is how they are built. A 'pier' is often above the water on pillars, so the water can flow underneath easily.

Jiaying
而 “jetty” 所指的 “突堤碼頭” 的下面則鋪設了堅固的材料,一直延伸到海床上。這種結構可以改變潮水流動的路徑,從而保護海岸線免受海浪的沖蝕或免遭洪水的影響。

Examples
The sign says you mustn't swim under the pier.
(標志牌上寫著你不能在棧橋下面游泳。)

The jetty protects the coastline from strong tides.
(這個突堤碼頭保護海岸線不受洶涌的潮水的影響。)

Jiaying
我們來總結一下:名詞 “wharf” 和 “quay” 都描述 “用來裝卸船只或供乘客上下船的碼頭”,這兩個詞所指的 “碼頭” 占地面積通常很大,但 “wharf” 通常比 “quay” 還要大。名詞 “pier” 和 “jetty” 用來指 “用于乘客上下船的、延伸到水面上的突堤碼頭”,但 “pier” 上面可能建有各類休閑娛樂設施,而 “jetty” 則沒有。

Beth
Right, Jiaying. I think we need to go now!

Jiaying
Oh, yes! We're going to the arcade on the pier tonight!

Beth
We are indeed! Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Jiaying
你也可以通過微博向我們提問。我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學”。Bye, everyone.

Beth
Bye!

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