A licence plate displaying the Confederate flag has sparked a US Supreme Court battle over the right to free speech. Have "novelty" plates gone too far?
一張展示南部聯(lián)盟旗幟的車(chē)牌點(diǎn)燃了一場(chǎng)美國(guó)最高法院關(guān)于言論自由權(quán)的論辯。“新奇的”車(chē)牌鬧得太過(guò)火了嗎？

Take a road trip across the US - anywhere - and you won't even need to stop or talk to the locals to know exactly what they most care about.
在美國(guó)境內(nèi)自駕游的時(shí)候，無(wú)論去哪，你都不用停車(chē)或者和當(dāng)?shù)厝伺收劊湍苤浪麄冏铌P(guān)注什么。

Americans wear their hearts on their bumpers. Colourful licence plates celebrating everything from the Boy Scouts to the soft drink Dr Pepper appear in the rear view mirror.
因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人已經(jīng)把他們的想法掛在車(chē)的保險(xiǎn)杠上了。五花八門(mén)的車(chē)牌上什么都可能出現(xiàn)：童子軍，胡椒博士軟飲等等都會(huì)出現(xiàn)在后視鏡上。

For outsiders it is fascinating and bizarre to see the range of issues by which the proud motorist separates themselves from the crowd.
對(duì)于旁觀(guān)者而言，看到這些標(biāo)新立異與眾不同的人們自豪于他們的想法會(huì)覺(jué)得這是一件非常酷非常奇異的事情。

Anti-abortion slogans like "Choose Life" compete with "Trees are cool" and "Mighty Fine Burgers".
反對(duì)墮胎者們的車(chē)牌口號(hào)是：選擇生命，用來(lái)和環(huán)保者的“樹(shù)就是酷”以及和吃貨們的“漢堡第一贊”一較高下。

Goofy personalised registrations like DUUUDE and BOO81ES park side-by-side with sombre memorials to 9/11 victims and cries to save the environment.
當(dāng)然也有像“本大公子”和“我愛(ài)大胸”這種彰顯二缺的個(gè)性標(biāo)語(yǔ)同沉痛悼念911事件遇難者或者保護(hù)環(huán)境的標(biāo)語(yǔ)車(chē)牌并列停放的情況。

But among this odd parade - there is one plate which has provoked a controversy like no other.
但是這些稀奇古怪的車(chē)牌們并沒(méi)有像那張國(guó)旗車(chē)牌一樣引發(fā)什么論戰(zhàn)。

The design features the Confederate Flag and the words "Sons of Confederate Veterans 1896".
因?yàn)檫@張車(chē)牌上是一面南部聯(lián)盟國(guó)旗和一段文字“1896年南部聯(lián)盟士兵遺孤組織”。

It was rejected, twice, by the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles, who ruled that "a significant portion of the public" find the flag offensive, due to its historical association with slavery.
這張車(chē)牌被德克薩斯州機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)輛管理部門(mén)兩次拒批，被裁決為“由于旗幟涉及奴隸制歷史問(wèn)題，對(duì)大部分公眾而言是一種冒犯。”

"Why should we as Texans want to be reminded of a legalised system of involuntary servitude, dehumanisation, rape, mass murder?" asked state Senator Royce West at a public hearing about the plates in 2011.
2011年，德克薩斯州議員羅伊斯·韋斯特在一次聽(tīng)證會(huì)上提到這些車(chē)牌時(shí)說(shuō)：“為什么我們德克薩斯州人要被迫想起那個(gè)充斥著奴役、反人類(lèi)行為、強(qiáng)奸、大屠殺的法律制度呢？”

This could easily have been the end of the matter - rude and abusive slogans are vetoed every day by the 50 state motoring departments, each of whom has slightly different criteria for acceptability.
這本該讓這件事簡(jiǎn)單地畫(huà)上句號(hào)了——50個(gè)州的機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)輛管理部門(mén)每天駁回很多粗俗的和具有侮辱性質(zhì)標(biāo)語(yǔ)的車(chē)牌，盡管各自的界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)略有不同。

But what happened next drove the issue of "novelty" licence plates straight up the highway out of Texas and into the highest court in the land.
但是接下來(lái)的事讓“新奇的”車(chē)牌問(wèn)題從德克薩斯州的高速公路上下來(lái)，進(jìn)入了美國(guó)最高法院。

The Sons of Confederate Veterans, sponsors of the controversial plate - went to the US Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit, where they successfully argued that to reject their design was to restrict their right to free speech - protected by the First Amendment.
這是因?yàn)樵撥?chē)牌的贊助者——南部聯(lián)盟士兵遺孤組織到美國(guó)第五巡回上訴法院起訴，稱(chēng)根據(jù)美國(guó)憲法第一修正案，不準(zhǔn)他們使用這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)限制了他們的自由言論權(quán)，隨后勝訴。

The case now stands before the nine Supreme Court justices - who must consider how the rights of constitution apply within these 12in-by-6in (30.48cm-by-15.24cm) metal plates.
如今，這個(gè)案子擺在了最高法院的九大法官面前，他們必須考慮憲法賦予的權(quán)力如何應(yīng)用到這塊長(zhǎng)12英寸寬6英寸（長(zhǎng)30.48cm寬15.24cm）的鐵皮上。

How did it come to this? How did an object so utterly dull as a vehicle registration plate become a battleground for the rights of Americans?
事情是如何發(fā)展到現(xiàn)今這個(gè)地步的？為什么這么一塊無(wú)聊透頂?shù)能?chē)牌演變成了美國(guó)人權(quán)的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)？

"What began as reasonable self-expression has become divisive and confrontational," says Dan Neil, automotive columnist at the Wall Street Journal.
《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》汽車(chē)專(zhuān)欄作家丹·尼爾說(shuō)：“這是因?yàn)楹侠淼淖晕冶磉_(dá)演變得具有分裂意義和對(duì)抗性。”

Emblazoning the Confederate flag on your car "is like waving a red rag to a bull - they're daring you to be offended by their politics", he says.
把南部聯(lián)盟的國(guó)旗繪制在車(chē)牌上無(wú)異于“在公牛面前抖動(dòng)紅布，這是一種政治挑釁”。

The story of licence plates begins at the turn of the 20th Century, when the first "horseless carriages" began careering around towns - frightening children and causing anxiety for authorities.
車(chē)牌的歷史起源于20世紀(jì)初——當(dāng)時(shí)第一輛“沒(méi)有馬的馬車(chē)”開(kāi)始在城里橫沖直撞，嚇壞了兒童也讓當(dāng)局緊張。

In 1907, the state of Texas decreed that all motorised vehicles must be registered - and drivers must display their digits.
1907年，德克薩斯州規(guī)定：所有機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)輛一律需要登記，司機(jī)必須展示車(chē)牌號(hào)。

Many of the first plates were entirely personalised - crude homemade efforts, cobbled together from wood, roof tiles and even leather.
很多第一批車(chē)牌都是完全個(gè)性化的——它們是粗糙的手工制品，用木頭、瓦片甚至是皮革拼在一起。

Jump forward to 2014 and license plates brought in $17.6m in revenue for the Texas state authorities - drawn from two distinct types of plates.
時(shí)間轉(zhuǎn)到2014年時(shí)，兩種類(lèi)型的車(chē)牌每年給德克薩斯州創(chuàng)收1760萬(wàn)美元。

Personalised "vanity" plates allow drivers to select a configuration of up to seven characters - typically spelling out a nickname, or humorous slogan - often something on the cheeky side.
個(gè)性化的“浮夸”車(chē)牌允許司機(jī)們最多選擇七個(gè)字母進(jìn)行組合——比較典型的有昵稱(chēng)綽號(hào)和幽默標(biāo)語(yǔ)——通常都沒(méi)什么下限。

These are not the subject of the dispute in the Supreme Court. The case relates to the other type - "specialty plates" - which carry pictures, symbols and slogans supporting a cause or an organisation - often a charity campaign, a university, or a sports team.
這些不在這次最高法院論戰(zhàn)的范圍。這個(gè)案子涉及的是另外一種車(chē)牌——特色車(chē)牌——上面帶有一些圖片、符號(hào)以及支持一些事件或者組織的標(biāo)語(yǔ)等，通常這些組織都是慈善團(tuán)體、大學(xué)或者是運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)。

These groups apply to the state to have their specialty plate authorised to be licensed to motorists for an additional fee - which raises funds for the state and the organisation.
這些組織向州政府支付額外費(fèi)用，申請(qǐng)制作自己的特色車(chē)牌給司機(jī)使用，為該州和組織籌集資金。

Texas offers 385 varieties of these specialty plates - among which the most popular topic is the US military and its veterans - 92 of these plates pay tribute to them.
德克薩斯州提供385種特色車(chē)牌，其中最受歡迎的主題是美國(guó)軍方和退伍老兵，92種車(chē)牌是歌頌他們的。

But while Texas authorities were happy to issue plates commemorating US soldiers who have fallen in modern wars, they are not willing to stamp their badge on a plate which honours soldiers who fought for the Confederacy.
德克薩斯州政府樂(lè)于紀(jì)念那些在投身于現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的美國(guó)軍人，但并不想為一個(gè)表彰南方聯(lián)盟士兵的車(chē)牌放行。

The state argues it is "fully within its rights to exclude swastikas, sacrilege, and overt racism from state-issued license plates that bear the state's name and imprimatur."
該州稱(chēng)自己“有權(quán)不發(fā)行與納粹黨十字記號(hào)、褻瀆宗教和種族歧視有關(guān)的車(chē)牌。”

Opponents say this violates the free speech of the drivers who would select the license plate - a view upheld by the Court of Appeals.
反對(duì)者稱(chēng)，該規(guī)定違反了駕駛員們?cè)谶x擇車(chē)牌時(shí)的言論自由權(quán)，而上訴法院認(rèn)同這種觀(guān)點(diǎn)。

But the state counters that license plates are government property, on which the government can decide its own message - which would not breach the First Amendment.
但該州則反駁說(shuō)車(chē)牌屬于政府財(cái)產(chǎn)，政府有權(quán)決定車(chē)牌傳遞的信息，且這并不違反第一修正案。

At the heart of this case, then, is a simple question for the Supreme Court justices.
那么，對(duì)于最高法院的法官們來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)案子的核心就是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題：

"Does my licence plate speak for me, or my state?"
“我的車(chē)牌是代表我，還是代表我的州？”

Vocabulary

bumper：保險(xiǎn)杠

career：全速前進(jìn)，猛沖

imprimatur：認(rèn)可

（翻譯：無(wú)事此靜坐 編輯：江巍）