三、2021年重點工作
III. Major tasks for 2021

今年是我國現代化建設進程中具有特殊重要性的一年。做好政府工作，要在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，全面貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆二中、三中、四中、五中全會精神，堅持穩中求進工作總基調，立足新發展階段，貫徹新發展理念，構建新發展格局，以推動高質量發展為主題，以深化供給側結構性改革為主線，以改革創新為根本動力，以滿足人民日益增長的美好生活需要為根本目的，堅持系統觀念，鞏固拓展疫情防控和經濟社會發展成果，更好統籌發展和安全，扎實做好“六穩”工作、全面落實“六保”任務，科學精準實施宏觀政策，努力保持經濟運行在合理區間，堅持擴大內需戰略，強化科技戰略支撐，擴大高水平對外開放，保持社會和諧穩定，確保“十四五”開好局起好步，以優異成績慶祝中國共產黨成立100周年。
The year 2021 is of particular importance to China as it pursues the
modernization drive. To accomplish the government’s work for the year, we must, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, do the following:
? follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese
Characteristics for a New Era;
? implement the guiding principles of the Party’s 19th National Congress
and the second through fifth plenary sessions of the 19th Party Central
Committee in full;
? act on the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability;
? ground our efforts in the new development stage, apply the new
development philosophy, and create a new pattern of development;
? pursue high-quality development as the general aim, advance supply-side
structural reform as the main task, and harness reform and innovation as
the key source of momentum in our endeavor to meet the fundamental goal of satisfying the people’s growing needs for a better life;
? apply systems thinking;
? consolidate and expand the achievements of the Covid-19 response and
economic and social development;
? ensure better coordination in pursuing development and upholding
security;
? ensure stability on six key fronts and maintain security in six key areas;
? implement macro policies in a systemic and targeted way;
? keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range;
? continue to expand domestic demand;
? strengthen science and technology to provide strategic support for development;
? pursue higher-standard opening up;
? maintain social harmony and stability.
These efforts will enable us to get off to a good start in the 14th Five-Year Plan period and commemorate the centenary of the CPC with outstanding achievements in development.

今年我國發展仍面臨不少風險挑戰，但經濟長期向好的基本面沒有改變。我們要堅定信心，攻堅克難，鞏固恢復性增長基礎，努力保持經濟社會持續健康發展。
In 2021, China will continue to face many development risks and challenges,
but the economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth remain unchanged. We should stay confident, meet challenges head-on, and consolidate the foundation for economic recovery to ensure sustained and healthy economic and social development.

今年發展主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長6%以上；城鎮新增就業1100萬人以上，城鎮調查失業率5.5%左右；居民消費價格漲幅3%左右；進出口量穩質升，國際收支基本平衡；居民收入穩步增長；生態環境質量進一步改善，單位國內生產總值能耗降低3%左右，主要污染物排放量繼續下降；糧食產量保持在1.3萬億斤以上。
In 2021, China will continue to face many development risks and challenges,
but the economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth remain
unchanged. We should stay confident, meet challenges head-on, and consolidate the foundation for economic recovery to ensure sustained and healthy economic and social development.
The main projected targets for development this year are as follows:
? GDP growth of over 6 percent
? over 11 million new urban jobs
? a surveyed urban unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent
? CPI increase of around 3 percent
? steady increases in both the volume and quality of imports and exports
? a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments
? steady growth in personal income
? a further improvement in the environment
? a drop of around 3 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP
? a continued reduction in the discharge of major pollutants
? grain output of over 650 million metric tons

經濟增速是綜合性指標，今年預期目標設定為6%以上，考慮了經濟運行恢復情況，有利于引導各方面集中精力推進改革創新、推動高質量發展。經濟增速、就業、物價等預期目標，體現了保持經濟運行在合理區間的要求，與今后目標平穩銜接，有利于實現可持續健康發展。
As a general target, China’s growth rate has been set at over 6 percent for this year. In setting this target, we have taken into account the recovery of economic activity. A target of over 6 percent will enable all of us to devote full energy to promoting reform, innovation, and high-quality development. The projected targets for growth, employment, and CPI should keep the economy performing within the appropriate range. These targets are also well-aligned with the annual goals of subsequent years in the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and they will help sustain healthy economic growth.

做好今年工作，要更好統籌疫情防控和經濟社會發展。堅持常態化防控和局部應急處置有機結合，繼續毫不放松做好外防輸入、內防反彈工作，抓好重點區域和關鍵環節防控，補上短板漏洞，嚴防出現聚集性疫情和散發病例傳播擴散，有序推進疫苗研制和加快免費接種，提高科學精準防控能力和水平。
For the government to deliver this year, we need to carry out Covid-19 prevention and control and pursue economic and social development in a more
coordinated way. We will maintain control measures on a continuing basis and be ready to address isolated emergencies. We will maintain constant vigilance in guarding against inbound cases and domestic resurgences, and ensure effective epidemic control in key areas and at key links. We will effectively address all weaknesses in Covid-19 work, and take strict measures to prevent clusters of infection and transmission caused by isolated cases. The development of vaccines will be steadily advanced, free vaccine programs will be conducted at a faster pace, and efforts will be intensified to boost our capacity to control Covid-19 with targeted and science-based measures.

今年要重點做好以下幾方面工作。
This year, we will carry out the following tasks:

（一）保持宏觀政策連續性穩定性可持續性，促進經濟運行在合理區間。
1. Ensuring the continuity, consistency, and sustainability of macro policies to keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range

在區間調控基礎上加強定向調控、相機調控、精準調控。宏觀政策要繼續為市場主體紓困，保持必要支持力度，不急轉彎，根據形勢變化適時調整完善，進一步鞏固經濟基本盤。
On the basis of range-based regulation, we will enhance targeted, well-timed,
and precision regulation. We will continue to ensure macro policies alleviate the difficulties of market entities and maintain necessary policy support for achieving this goal. We will avoid sharp turns in policy; instead, we should make adjustments and improvements based on new developments to reinforce the fundamentals of the economy.

積極的財政政策要提質增效、更可持續。考慮到疫情得到有效控制和經濟逐步恢復，今年赤字率擬按3.2%左右安排、比去年有所下調，不再發行抗疫特別國債。因財政收入恢復性增長，財政支出總規模比去年增加，重點仍是加大對保就業保民生保市場主體的支持力度。中央本級支出繼續安排負增長，進一步大幅壓減非急需非剛性支出，對地方一般性轉移支付增長7.8%、增幅明顯高于去年，其中均衡性轉移支付、縣級基本財力保障機制獎補資金等增幅均超過10%。建立常態化財政資金直達機制并擴大范圍，將2.8萬億元中央財政資金納入直達機制、規模明顯大于去年，為市縣基層惠企利民提供更加及時有力的財力支持。各級政府都要節用為民、堅持過緊日子，確保基本民生支出只增不減，助力市場主體青山常在、生機盎然。
We will enhance the quality, efficiency, and sustainability of our proactive fiscal policy. In view of the effective containment of Covid-19 and gradual economic recovery, we have set the deficit-to-GDP ratio for the year at around 3.2 percent, slightly lower than that of last year. No Covid-19 bonds will be issued. As government revenue rebounds, total government expenditures will be higher this year than last. We will continue to give priority to increasing support for efforts to ensure employment, living standards, and the operations of market entities. Continued cuts will be made in central government expenditures, including considerable reductions to outlays on non-essential and non-obligatory items. General transfer payments to local governments will be increased by 7.8 percent, which is significantly higher than last year. This will include growth of more than 10 percent in both transfer payments for equalizing access to basic public services and rewards and subsidies to ensure basic funding for county-level governments. We will make it a normal practice to directly allocate budgetary funds to prefecture- and county-level governments and place more funds under this mechanism. This year, 2.8 trillion yuan of central government funding, a figure much larger than last year, will be allocated in this way to provide timely and strong fiscal support to these local governments to benefit businesses and people. We at every level of government should practice fiscal frugality in the interests of the people. We should continue to tighten our belts, ensure continued increases in spending to meet basic living needs, and help sustain and energize market entities.

優化和落實減稅政策。市場主體恢復元氣、增強活力，需要再幫一把。繼續執行制度性減稅政策，延長小規模納稅人增值稅優惠等部分階段性政策執行期限，實施新的結構性減稅舉措，對沖部分政策調整帶來的影響。將小規模納稅人增值稅起征點從月銷售額10萬元提高到15萬元。對小微企業和個體工商戶年應納稅所得額不到100萬元的部分，在現行優惠政策基礎上，再減半征收所得稅。各地要把減稅政策及時落實到位，確保市場主體應享盡享。
We will continue to implement and improve tax reduction policies. We need to do more to help market entities stand firmly on their feet and thrive. We will continue to implement systematic tax cut policies, extend the duration
of several temporary policies such as VAT relief for small-scale taxpayers, and
adopt new policies on structural tax reductions to offset the impact of some policy adjustments. The VAT threshold for small-scale taxpayers will be raised from 100,000 yuan to 150,000 yuan in monthly sales. On the basis of preferential policies already in force, we will halve the income tax of micro and small enterprises and self-employed individuals on annual taxable income below one million yuan. All local governments should implement tax reduction policies fully and on a timely basis and see that market entities all enjoy these tax reduction benefits.

穩健的貨幣政策要靈活精準、合理適度。把服務實體經濟放到更加突出的位置，處理好恢復經濟與防范風險的關系。貨幣供應量和社會融資規模增速與名義經濟增速基本匹配，保持流動性合理充裕，保持宏觀杠桿率基本穩定。保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定。進一步解決中小微企業融資難題。延續普惠小微企業貸款延期還本付息政策，加大再貸款再貼現支持普惠金融力度。延長小微企業融資擔保降費獎補政策，完善貸款風險分擔補償機制。加快信用信息共享步伐。完善金融機構考核、評價和盡職免責制度。引導銀行擴大信用貸款、持續增加首貸戶，推廣隨借隨還貸款，使資金更多流向科技創新、綠色發展，更多流向小微企業、個體工商戶、新型農業經營主體，對受疫情持續影響行業企業給予定向支持。大型商業銀行普惠小微企業貸款增長30%以上。創新供應鏈金融服務模式。適當降低小微企業支付手續費。優化存款利率監管，推動實際貸款利率進一步降低，繼續引導金融系統向實體經濟讓利。今年務必做到小微企業融資更便利、綜合融資成本穩中有降。
We will keep our prudent monetary policy flexible and targeted and at a reasonable and appropriate level. We will give even greater priority to serving the real economy, and balance the needs of promoting economic recovery and preventing risks. We will see that increases in money supply and aggregate financing are generally in step with economic growth in nominal terms, maintain a proper and adequate level of liquidity supply, and keep the macro leverage ratio generally stable. We will also keep the RMB exchange rate generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level. Further steps will be taken to address the financing difficulties of MSMEs. We will continue the policy of allowing micro and small enterprises to defer principal and interest repayments on inclusive-finance loans, and increase support for inclusive finance via re-lending and rediscounting. We will continue the policy of providing rewards and subsidies to reduce financing guaranty fees for micro and small businesses, and improve mechanisms for risk sharing and compensation for loan defaults. We will move faster to promote the sharing of credit information. The assessment and evaluation of the performance of financial institutions will be improved, and we will ensure that those who have fulfilled their duties are not held accountable. Banks will be encouraged to increase credit loans and first-time loans. We will extend the pay-as-you-go lending model, channel more funds into scientific and technological innovation, green development initiatives, micro and small enterprises, self-employed individuals, and new types of agribusiness, and provide targeted support for enterprises and industries enduring a sustained hit from Covid-19. Inclusive loans to micro and small businesses by large commercial banks will increase by over 30 percent this year. New models for providing supply chain financial services will be developed. Appropriate reductions will be made to transaction fees levied on micro and small businesses. We will improve regulation over deposit rates, further lower loan interest rates in real terms, and continue to guide the financial sector in giving more to the real economy. This year, we must see that micro and small businesses have easier access to financing, and that their overall financing costs steadily drop.

就業優先政策要繼續強化、聚力增效。著力穩定現有崗位，對不裁員少裁員的企業，繼續給予必要的財稅、金融等政策支持。繼續降低失業和工傷保險費率，擴大失業保險返還等階段性穩崗政策惠及范圍，延長以工代訓政策實施期限。拓寬市場化就業渠道，促進創業帶動就業。推動降低就業門檻，動態優化國家職業資格目錄，降低或取消部分準入類職業資格考試工作年限要求。支持和規范發展新就業形態，加快推進職業傷害保障試點。繼續對靈活就業人員給予社保補貼，推動放開在就業地參加社會保險的戶籍限制。做好高校畢業生、退役軍人、農民工等重點群體就業工作，完善殘疾人、零就業家庭成員等困難人員就業幫扶政策，促進失業人員再就業。拓寬職業技能培訓資金使用范圍，開展大規模、多層次職業技能培訓，完成職業技能提升和高職擴招三年行動目標，建設一批高技能人才培訓基地。健全就業公共服務體系，實施提升就業服務質量工程。運用就業專項補助等資金，支持各類勞動力市場、人才市場、零工市場建設，廣開就業門路，為有意愿有能力的人創造更多公平就業機會。
We will continue to improve the employment-first policy to enhance its performance. We will work to keep the employment situation stable. We will continue to provide adequate fiscal, tax, and financial policy support to businesses that do not cut jobs or only cut a small number of them. We will continue to reduce premiums for unemployment insurance and workers’ compensation, and expand the scope of time-limited policies aimed at helping businesses maintain payrolls, such as the refunding of unemployment insurance premiums. The duration of policies on work-based training organized by companies will be extended. We will broaden channels for creating market-based employment, and leverage the role of business startups in boosting employment. The thresholds for obtaining employment will be lowered, and we will improve the national catalog of professional qualifications on a continuing basis, and relax or lift the years-of-experience requirements for taking qualification examinations for some license based professions. We will support the development of new forms of employment and keep such employment well-regulated, and we will move faster to advance trials of occupational injury insurance. We will continue to subsidize contributions to social insurance made by workers in flexible employment, and allow people to access social security in the locality where they work even if they do not hold local residency. We will work to ensure employment for key groups such as college graduates, ex-service members, and rural migrant workers, improve policies on employment support for people facing difficulties like those with disabilities and members of zero-employment families, and help unemployed people find work. We will expand the scope of use for vocational skills training funds, launch large-scale, multi-level vocational skills training programs, and complete the goals of the three-year initiative on providing vocational skills training and expanding enrollment in vocational colleges. A number of bases for training highly-skilled
personnel will be opened. The public employment services system will be improved. An initiative will be carried out to boost the quality of employment services. We will use employment subsidies and other funds to support the development of labor, talent, and casual labor markets, so as to widen the avenues of employment and enable people who are willing and able to work to find more equitable job opportunities.

（二）深入推進重點領域改革，更大激發市場主體活力。
2. Advancing reforms in key areas and further energizing market entities

在落實助企紓困政策的同時，加大力度推動相關改革，培育更加活躍更有創造力的市場主體。
While implementing policies to ease enterprises’ difficulties, we will also
intensify reforms to foster more dynamic and innovative market entities.

進一步轉變政府職能。充分發揮市場在資源配置中的決定性作用，更好發揮政府作用，推動有效市場和有為政府更好結合。繼續放寬市場準入，開展要素市場化配置綜合改革試點，依法平等保護各類市場主體產權。縱深推進“放管服”改革，加快營造市場化、法治化、國際化營商環境。將行政許可事項全部納入清單管理。深化“證照分離”改革，大力推進涉企審批減環節、減材料、減時限、減費用。完善市場主體退出機制，實行中小微企業簡易注銷制度。實施工業產品準入制度改革，推進汽車、電子電器等行業生產準入和流通管理全流程改革。把有效監管作為簡政放權的必要保障，全面落實監管責任，加強對取消或下放審批事項的事中事后監管，完善分級分類監管政策，健全跨部門綜合監管制度，大力推行“互聯網+監管”，提升監管能力，加大失信懲處力度，以公正監管促進優勝劣汰。加強數字政府建設，建立健全政務數據共享協調機制，推動電子證照擴大應用領域和全國互通互認，實現更多政務服務事項網上辦、掌上辦、一次辦。企業和群眾經常辦理的事項，今年要基本實現“跨省通辦”。
We will further transform the functions of government. We will fully leverage the decisive role of the market in allocating resources and give better play to the role of government, to ensure better alignment between an efficient market and a well-functioning government. We will continue to expand market access, pilot a comprehensive reform on the market-based allocation of production factors, and ensure equal protection for the property rights of various market entities in accordance with the law. We will deepen reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services and, move faster to create a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment. We will practice list-based management for all items requiring administrative approval. We will advance the reform for separating operating permits from business licenses, and devote major efforts to reducing the procedures, documents, time, and expenses required for government review of applications by enterprises. The mechanism for market entities to exit the market will be refined, and the system for deregistering MSMEs with simplified procedures will be implemented. We will reform the system of market access for industrial products, and advance reform of the entire management process, from production access to marketing, for several industries such as the automobile, electronic, and electric appliances industries. Effective regulation is necessary for our efforts to streamline administration and delegate power. We will see that all regulatory responsibilities of government are fulfilled. We will strengthen ongoing and ex post oversight of items for which approval has been cancelled or delegated to lower-level authorities. We will refine regulatory policies covering different levels and categories, and improve the system of comprehensive inter-agency regulation. We will also advance the Internet plus regulation model to enhance our capacity for conducting regulation. We will impose stiffer penalties on acts of bad faith, and carry out regulation in an impartial way to ensure that well-performing businesses succeed in market competition and those which are poorly run are eliminated. We will work to build a digital government. We will set up a sound coordination mechanism for sharing government data, expand the application, and promote mutual nationwide recognition, of electronic licenses and certificates, and ensure more government services are accessible online and on cellphone applications with the need for only one application process. This year, high-demand government services should generally be provided on an inter-provincial basis.

用改革辦法推動降低企業生產經營成本。推進能源、交通、電信等基礎性行業改革，提高服務效率，降低收費水平。允許所有制造業企業參與電力市場化交易，進一步清理用電不合理加價，繼續推動降低一般工商業電價。中小企業寬帶和專線平均資費再降10%。全面推廣高速公路差異化收費，堅決整治違規設置妨礙貨車通行的道路限高限寬設施和檢查卡點。取消港口建設費，將民航發展基金航空公司征收標準降低20%。鼓勵受疫情影響較大的地方對承租國有房屋的服務業小微企業和個體工商戶減免租金。推動各類中介機構公開服務條件、流程、時限和收費標準。要嚴控非稅收入不合理增長，嚴厲整治亂收費、亂罰款、亂攤派，不得擾民漁利，讓市場主體安心經營、輕裝前行。
We will work to reduce enterprises’ production and operating costs through reform. We will advance the reform of basic sectors like energy, transportation and telecommunications to provide more efficient services and reduce charges. All manufacturing enterprises will be allowed to engage in market-based electricity transactions. Further steps will be taken to cut unjustified surcharges on electricity use; electricity rates for general industrial and commercial businesses will be further reduced. Average rates for broadband and dedicated internet access services for small and medium enterprises will be lowered by another 10 percent. We will introduce differentiated pricing for expressway tolls nationwide and take firm measures to rectify irregular height and width limits and checkpoints that affect freight traffic. The port development fee will be abolished. Airlines’ contributions to the civil aviation development fund will be cut by 20 percent. Governments in localities that were hit hard by Covid-19 will be encouraged to lower or waive rentals on state-owned property for micro and small businesses in the service sector and for self-employed individuals. Various intermediary agencies will be urged to make public their terms of service, procedures, timeframes, and charges. Unjustified growth in non-tax government revenue will be strictly checked, tough steps will be taken to end arbitrary charges, fines, and quotas, and no action that seeks to make gains at the expense of our people and businesses will be tolerated. All these efforts will lighten the burden on market entities and enable them to focus on doing business free from undue concern.

促進多種所有制經濟共同發展。堅持和完善社會主義基本經濟制度。毫不動搖鞏固和發展公有制經濟，毫不動搖鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展。各類市場主體都是國家現代化的建設者，要一視同仁、平等對待。深入實施國企改革三年行動，做強做優做大國有資本和國有企業。深化國有企業混合所有制改革。構建親清政商關系，破除制約民營企業發展的各種壁壘。健全防范和化解拖欠中小企業賬款長效機制。弘揚企業家精神。國家支持平臺企業創新發展、增強國際競爭力，同時要依法規范發展，健全數字規則。強化反壟斷和防止資本無序擴張，堅決維護公平競爭市場環境。
We will promote the common development of enterprises under diverse forms of ownership. We will continue to practice and improve the basic socialist economic system. We will work unswervingly to both consolidate and develop the public sector and encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector. All market entities, regardless of their type, are participants in China’s modernization endeavors, and each and every one of them must be treated as equals. We will continue to implement the three-year action plan for SOE reform, and work to strengthen, expand, and increase the returns on state capital and enhance the strength, quality, and size of SOEs. We will also push ahead with mixed-ownership reform in SOEs. We will build a cordial and clean relationship between government and business, remove barriers to the development of private businesses, improve the long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving late payments to small and medium businesses, and promote an entrepreneurial spirit. The state supports platform enterprises in pursuing innovative development and enhancing international competitiveness; it will ensure that their business operations are well-regulated in accordance with the law and take steps to refine digital rules. We will step up efforts against business monopolies and guard against unregulated expansion of capital, and ensure fair market competition.

深化財稅金融體制改革。強化預算約束和績效管理，加大預算公開力度，精簡享受稅費優惠政策的辦理流程和手續。落實中央與地方財政事權和支出責任劃分改革方案。健全地方稅體系。繼續多渠道補充中小銀行資本、強化公司治理，深化農村信用社改革，推進政策性銀行分類分賬改革，提升保險保障和服務功能。穩步推進注冊制改革，完善常態化退市機制，加強債券市場建設，更好發揮多層次資本市場作用，拓展市場主體融資渠道。強化金融控股公司和金融科技監管，確保金融創新在審慎監管的前提下進行。完善金融風險處置工作機制，壓實各方責任，堅決守住不發生系統性風險的底線。金融機構要堅守服務實體經濟的本分。
We will deepen reforms of the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems. We will strengthen budget constraints and performance management, and promote greater budget transparency. Procedures for accessing preferential tax and fee policies will be streamlined. The reform plan for defining the respective fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local governments will be implemented. The local tax systems will be improved. We will continue to replenish capital and strengthen corporate governance of small and medium banks through multiple channels, deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives, advance the reform on policy banks by carrying out category-based management for specific accounts, and strengthen the role of insurance in protecting against risks and providing services. We will steadily advance the reform to establish a registration-based IPO system, improve delisting as a normal practice, and step up development of the bond market, so as to better exert the role of multi-level capital markets and open up more financing channels for market entities. We will strengthen regulation over financial holding companies and financial technology to ensure that financial innovations are made under prudent regulation. We will improve the mechanism for managing financial risks, see responsibilities are fulfilled by all the stakeholders, and ensure that no systemic risks arise. Financial institutions must serve the real economy as they should do.