三、具有強大領導力執政力
III. Robust Leadership and Strong Governance

中國體量巨大、人口眾多、國情復雜，求獨立、求發展、求富強，必須有堅強有力的領導力量。中國共產黨這樣一個大黨，在中國這樣一個大國，能夠把億萬人民團結和凝聚起來，一次次跨過急流險灘，一次次戰勝困難危機，關鍵在于黨高度團結統一，具有強大的領導力執政力。
China is a huge country with a large population and complex national conditions. In order to achieve independence, development, and prosperity it must have robust and decisive leadership. It is the CPC's solidarity and unity, its firm leadership, and its strong governance capability that have rallied and united hundreds of millions of the Chinese people and overcome a multitude of difficulties and crises.

（一）黨中央堅強有力
1. A Strong Central Committee

中國共產黨是按照民主集中制?原則組織起來的馬克思主義政黨。維護黨中央權威和集中統一領導，是一個成熟的馬克思主義執政黨的重大建黨原則。堅持民主集中制原則，堅持黨中央權威和集中統一領導，堅持個人服從組織、少數服從多數、下級服從上級、全黨服從中央，在充分發揚民主的基礎上進行集中，是黨在革命、建設、改革中形成的政治優勢和寶貴經驗。
The CPC is a mature Marxist political party organized in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism [ This is a principle that combines centralism built on the basis of democracy with democracy under centralized guidance. Democratic centralism is the Party's fundamental organizational principle and leadership system.]. Upholding the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized leadership has always been one of the Party's fundamental operational principles. Democratic centralism involves Party members deferring to Party organizations, the minority deferring to the majority, lower-level Party organizations deferring to higher-level organizations, and the whole Party deferring to the Central Committee. This and upholding the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized leadership are strengths the Party has built from valuable experience gained during revolution, reconstruction and reform.

黨中央的權威和集中統一領導，保證了革命、建設、改革順利推進，保證了黨的執政地位鞏固和國家長治久安。以毛澤東同志為核心的黨的第一代中央領導集體，團結帶領全黨和全國人民，成功開辟以農村包圍城市、武裝奪取政權的中國革命道路，完成新民主主義革命，建立中華人民共和國，完成社會主義革命，確立社會主義基本制度，推進社會主義建設，完成了中華民族有史以來最為廣泛而深刻的社會變革，為當代中國一切發展進步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基礎，為新的歷史時期開創中國特色社會主義提供了寶貴經驗、理論準備、物質基礎。黨的十一屆三中全會后，以鄧小平同志為核心的黨的第二代中央領導集體，團結帶領全黨和全國人民，作出把黨和國家工作中心轉移到經濟建設上來、實行改革開放的歷史性決策，深刻揭示社會主義本質，確立社會主義初級階段基本路線，明確提出走自己的路、建設中國特色社會主義，科學回答了建設中國特色社會主義的一系列基本問題，成功開創了中國特色社會主義。黨的十三屆四中全會后，以江澤民同志為核心的黨的第三代中央領導集體，團結帶領全黨和全國人民，在國內外形勢十分復雜、世界社會主義出現嚴重曲折的嚴峻考驗面前捍衛了中國特色社會主義，確立了社會主義市場經濟體制的改革目標和基本框架，確立了社會主義初級階段的基本經濟制度和分配制度，成功把中國特色社會主義推向21世紀。黨的十六大后，以胡錦濤同志為總書記的黨中央，團結帶領全黨和全國人民，在全面建設小康社會進程中推進實踐創新、理論創新、制度創新，強調堅持以人為本、全面協調可持續發展，成功在新的歷史起點上堅持和發展了中國特色社會主義。黨的十八大以來，以習近平同志為核心的黨中央，團結帶領全黨和全國人民，統攬偉大斗爭、偉大工程、偉大事業、偉大夢想，堅持和加強黨的全面領導，統籌推進“五位一體”總體布局，協調推進“四個全面”戰略布局，堅持和完善中國特色社會主義制度，推進國家治理體系和治理能力現代化，推動黨和國家事業發生歷史性變革、取得歷史性成就，中國特色社會主義進入新時代，迎來了實現中華民族偉大復興的光明前景。
Upholding the Central Committee's authority and its centralized leadership has led to smooth and steady progress in China, and ensures the CPC's position as the governing party and the country's long-term stability.The first generation of the CPC central collective leadership with Mao Zedong at the core united the whole Party and the people and led them on the revolutionary path, using rural areas to encircle the cities and seizing state power with military force. It was under its centralized leadership that the Party and the people completed the New Democratic Revolution, founded the People's Republic of China, succeeded in socialist revolution, established socialism as the country's basic system, and advanced socialist development. All of this led to success in the broadest and most profound social transformation in the history of the Chinese nation. It also laid down the political and institutional groundwork for all future progress and provided invaluable experience, a theoretical base, and the material conditions for Chinese socialism in the new historical period.After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in 1978, the second generation of the Party's central collective leadership with Deng Xiaoping at the core led the Party and the people in a historic shift of focus to economic development and reform and opening up. Based on its keen understanding of the essence of socialism, the Party established its basic line for the primary stage of socialism, made it clear that China must define its own approach in building socialism, and provided answers to a series of basic questions. This marked the creation of socialism with Chinese characteristics.After the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee in 1989, the third generation of the Party's central collective leadership with Jiang Zemin at the core led the Party and the people in defending socialism with Chinese characteristics in a complex domestic and international situation and in the face of serious setbacks experienced by socialism worldwide. It established the objectives and framework of reform for developing the socialist market economy, and put in place basic economic and distribution systems in the primary stage of socialism, advancing Chinese socialism into the 21st century.After the 16th CPC National Congress in 2002, the Central Committee with Hu Jintao as general secretary led the Party and the people in promoting innovation in theory, practice, and systems in the course of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, with a focus on people-centered, all-round, coordinated, and sustainable development, and upholding and building socialism with Chinese characteristics, at a new historical point.

黨的十八大以來，以習近平同志為核心的黨中央采取一系列有力舉措，全面加強黨的領導，進一步堅持和維護黨中央權威和集中統一領導。黨中央鮮明提出，黨政軍民學，東西南北中，黨是領導一切的，是最高政治領導力量；堅持黨的領導，首先是堅持黨中央權威和集中統一領導，這是黨的領導的最高原則，是最根本的政治紀律和政治規矩；要增強政治意識、大局意識、核心意識、看齊意識，堅定中國特色社會主義道路自信、理論自信、制度自信、文化自信，堅決維護習近平總書記黨中央的核心、全黨的核心地位，維護黨中央權威和集中統一領導。黨的十九大將“中國特色社會主義最本質的特征是中國共產黨領導，中國特色社會主義制度的最大優勢是中國共產黨領導，黨是最高政治領導力量”確立為習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想的重要內容，并把這一重大政治原則寫入黨章。十三屆全國人大一次會議通過憲法修正案，在憲法序言確定黨的領導地位的基礎上，又在總綱中明確規定中國共產黨領導是中國特色社會主義最本質的特征，強化了黨總攬全局、協調各方的領導地位。
Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the Central Committee with Xi Jinping at the core has led the Party and the people in pursuing a great struggle, a great project, a great cause, and a great dream, upholding and improving the Party's overall leadership, and implementing the Five-sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy. The Party has made greater efforts to improve Chinese socialism, modernize the system and capacity for governing the country, and uphold socialism with Chinese characteristics. All of this has prompted historic shifts and led to historic achievements in the cause of the Party and the country, ushering Chinese socialism into a new era. The prospects of national rejuvenation are ever brighter.

Since 2012, the CPC Central Committee has taken a series of effective measures to strengthen the overall leadership by the Party and uphold the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized leadership. The central leadership has emphasized that:

(1)The Party exercises leadership over all areas of endeavor across the country and is the highest force for political leadership;

(2)Upholding overall Party leadership means first and foremost upholding the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized leadership, which is the highest principle of the Party's leadership and the fundamental political discipline and rule;

(3)It is important to strengthen the consciousness of the need to maintain political commitment, think in terms of the broader picture, follow the core leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and act in accordance with its requirements; to enhance confidence in the path, theory, system and culture of Chinese socialism; and to resolutely uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping's core position in the CPC Central Committee and in the Party as a whole.The 19th CPC National Congress in 2017 emphasized: "Leadership by the CPC is the defining feature of Chinese socialism and the greatest strength of this system. The Party is the highest force for political leadership." The congress confirmed this principle as a significant element of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and this major political principle has been enshrined in the CPC Constitution. In 2018 the 13th National People's Congress adopted at its first session an amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. In addition to providing for the CPC's leading position in its Preamble, the amended Constitution explicitly stipulates in its General Principles that leadership by the Party is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

為確保維護黨中央權威和集中統一領導的要求落到實處，黨進一步健全完善領導體制和工作機制。黨中央制定一系列黨內法規，對維護黨中央權威和集中統一領導作出明確規定。堅持黨的組織和黨的工作全覆蓋，健全黨中央對重大工作的領導體制，強化黨中央決策議事協調機構職能作用，完善推動黨中央重大決策落實機制，嚴格執行請示報告制度，推動維護黨中央權威和集中統一領導具體化、制度化、規范化。近年來，中央政治局常委會每年專門聽取全國人大常委會、國務院、全國政協、最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院黨組工作匯報和中央書記處工作報告，中央政治局全體同志每年向黨中央和習近平總書記書面述職一次，已經成為加強和維護黨中央集中統一領導的重要制度安排。
To uphold the CPC Central Committee's authority and its centralized leadership through concrete actions, the CPC has improved its leadership system and its working mechanism. The Central Committee has issued a series of regulations to this end:

?ensuring Party organizations and initiatives cover all areas;

?improving the system by which the Central Committee exercises leadership over major tasks;

?strengthening the roles and functions of relevant Central Committee offices in decision-making, deliberation and coordination, and improving the mechanism by which the Central Committee's major decisions are implemented;

?strictly enforcing the system by which all important issues are promptly reported;

?developing practical measures and making institutional arrangements to implement the principle of upholding the Central Committee's authority and its centralized leadership.

In recent years, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee has held dedicated meetings to hear annual work reports of CPC leadership groups of the NPC Standing Committee, the State Council, the CPPCC National Committee, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and the report of the CPC Central Committee Secretariat. Each member of the Political Bureau has submitted a written work report to the Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping every year. This has been one of the institutional arrangements for strengthening and upholding the Central Committee's centralized leadership.

維護黨中央權威和集中統一領導，有堅強有力的領導核心是重中之重、要中之要。新民主主義革命時期，正是因為遵義會議事實上確立了毛澤東同志在黨中央和紅軍的領導地位，開始形成以毛澤東同志為核心的黨的第一代中央領導集體，革命事業才轉危為安。黨的十八大以來，正是因為確立了習近平同志黨中央的核心、全黨的核心地位，黨的面貌、國家的面貌、人民的面貌、軍隊的面貌、中華民族的面貌才發生了前所未有的變化。100年來，黨之所以能夠統一思想、步調一致向前進，根本原因就是形成了堅強有力的領導核心；黨不斷發展壯大，克服重重艱難險阻而立于不敗之地，黨的領導核心發揮了獨特的、不可替代的作用。歷史和現實充分表明，全黨有核心，黨中央才有權威，黨才有力量。黨形成并擁護領導核心，決不是庸俗化的“個人崇拜”，黨自成立之日起就堅決反對“個人崇拜”，并將“黨禁止任何形式的個人崇拜”寫入黨章。黨的領導核心并不意味著無限權力、任性決策，而是擔負著為大黨大國掌舵領航的重大職責。黨是按照民主集中制原則組織起來的，黨的領導核心也要按照民主集中制原則發揮作用，遵守集體領導制度，遵守黨在憲法和法律范圍內活動的法治原則。黨的領導核心不是天生的，也不是自封的，而是在長期實踐中通過正確領導形成的，是全黨全國人民的共同選擇。
To uphold the Central Committee's authority and its centralized leadership, a robust leadership core is the top priority. During the New Democratic Revolution, it was at the Zunyi Conference in 1935 that Mao Zedong was confirmed as the de facto leader of the Party Central Committee and the Red Army, and the Party's first central collective leadership with Mao Zedong at the core took shape. This move circumvented a serious threat to China's revolution and resulted in positive progress. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, with Xi Jinping at the core of the Central Committee, the Party, the country, the people, the military, and the whole Chinese nation have made unprecedented headway.

Over the past hundred years since its founding in 1921, the CPC has been able to build consensus among its members on the way forward and take concerted actions; the fundamental reason for this is its robust leadership core, which has played a unique and irreplaceable role in leading the Party to grow stronger despite all the difficulties it has encountered.

Both history and reality have shown to us that only with a firm and effective leadership core can the Central Committee exert authority and the Party remain strong.

Upholding the leadership core of the CPC in no way involves the creation of any kind of personality cult – something the CPC has resolutely opposed ever since it was first founded. The Party's Constitution explicitly stipulates that "The Party proscribes all forms of personality cult." The Party leadership core never wields unlimited power or engages in decision-making at will; instead, it takes on heavy responsibilities in steering the Party and the country. The CPC is organized on the basis of democratic centralism, so its leadership core functions by that principle, observes the system of collective leadership, and acts within the scope of the country's Constitution and the law. The Party leadership core does not emerge through entitlement; it is not self-proclaimed. It comes into being through long-term experience under sound leadership and as a common choice of the whole Party and the whole country.

不論是中國幾千年的歷史，還是中國的革命、建設、改革，都充分表明，中央政權堅強有力，維持大一統局面，國家才能富強、安寧、穩定，人民才能安居樂業。中國共產黨實行集中統一領導，符合人民利益，符合中國國情，符合中國歷史文化傳統，得到了人民廣泛擁護，是黨領導人民在長期探索實踐中得出來的寶貴經驗。堅決維護黨中央權威和集中統一領導，堅決維護核心、捍衛核心、忠誠核心，是中國共產黨和中國人民的共同認識和自覺行動。
China's history, which dates back thousands of years, and its revolution, reconstruction and reform have fully demonstrated that only with a robust centralized authority to maintain unity of the whole country and rally the people can the nation achieve long-term peace, stability, and prosperity, and the people work and live in contentment. Centralized leadership by the Party serves the best interests of the Chinese people, suits China's national conditions, and conforms to traditional Chinese culture. This is an invaluable understanding that the Chinese people have gained through years of CPC leadership. There is a common purpose behind the conscious commitment of the Party and the Chinese people to uphold the authority of the Central Committee and its centralized leadership, and to protect and be loyal to the leadership core.

（二）制定正確路線和戰略策略
2. Sound Guidelines and Strategies

堅強的領導，來源于正確的領導；正確的領導，來源于正確的決策。對中國共產黨這樣一個大黨來講，政策和策略是黨的生命。100年來，黨在歷史重大轉折到來時，能夠比較好地、有預見地、全面客觀地分析研究形勢，并在此基礎上制定切合實際的目標和任務、政策和路徑，使全黨在正確路線指引下有條不紊地開展工作。
Robust leadership comes from sound leadership; sound leadership comes from rational policymaking. For a party as large as the CPC, policymaking is its lifeline. Over the past hundred years, at every historic juncture, the CPC has been able to analyze the situation from an overall, objective and forward-looking perspective, and set forth practical goals, tasks, policies and roadmaps. It is the Party's sound guidelines that have enabled it to carry out its work in a well-organized and systematic manner.

制定正確的路線方針政策。在不同歷史時期，黨科學分析面臨形勢，準確把握內外條件，在此基礎上制定路線方針政策。黨在成立之初，制定了最高綱領和最低綱領，指出中國革命必須分兩步走，為革命斗爭明確了基本方向。抗日戰爭時期，黨制定全面抗戰路線和打持久戰的戰略方針，為抗戰勝利指明了方向。社會主義革命時期，制定了“一化三改”的過渡時期總路線?，為邁向社會主義社會指明了路徑。改革開放后，黨制定了“一個中心、兩個基本點”的社會主義初級階段基本路線?，確保了中國特色社會主義沿著正確方向不斷發展。黨的十八大后，黨堅持基本理論、基本路線、基本方略，提出統籌推進“五位一體”總體布局、協調推進“四個全面”戰略布局，確立了新時代堅持和發展中國特色社會主義的戰略規劃和部署。正是有了正確的路線方針，黨的事業才有所指，全黨才有所依，人民才有所趨，才形成了為實現目標共同奮斗的強大力量。
The CPC is adept at formulating sound guidelines, principles and policies. At different historical stages, the Party has succeeded in devising the right policies based on an accurate analysis of domestic and international developments.In the early years of the CPC, at its Second National Congress in 1922, the Party set forth its primary platform of achieving national independence and establishing a democratic republic, and its ultimate goal of realizing socialism and communism, pointing out the direction for a two-step Chinese revolution.During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Party identified the correct path towards ultimate success, adopting the strategy of total resistance and protracted war.During the Socialist Revolution, the Party devised the general guideline for the transition period [ In 1953, the CPC Central Committee adopted the Party's general guideline for the transition period from the founding of the PRC in 1949 to the completion of socialist transformation. The master plan was to realize socialist industrialization and transformation of agriculture, craft industries, and capitalist industry and commerce step by step over a considerable period of time.], mapping out the road towards socialism.After the adoption of reform and opening up, at its 13th National Congress in 1987, the Party formulated the basic guidelines for the primary stage of socialism – One Central Task, Two Basic Points [ In 1987, at its 13th National Congress, the CPC specified its basic guidelines for building socialism with Chinese characteristics in the primary stage – to unite with and lead the people of all ethnic groups, take economic development as the central task, uphold the Four Cardinal Principles (the socialist road, the people's democratic dictatorship, the CPC's leadership, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought), and uphold the policy of reform and opening up, be self-reliant, hard working and enterprising, to build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and modern socialist country. ] – to keep socialism with Chinese characteristics progressing on the right track.After its 18th National Congress, in accordance with its basic theories, guidelines and policies, the Party specified the measures for upholding and developing Chinese socialism in the new era, proposing the Five-sphere Integrated Plan for coordinating economic, political, cultural, social and eco-environmental progress, and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy for achieving moderate prosperity, furthering reform, advancing the rule of law and strengthening Party self-governance.It is due to sound policymaking that the great cause of the CPC has remained on the right course, the CPC has rational guidelines to follow, the Chinese people have been able to enjoy tangible benefits, and the entire Chinese nation has forged a strong synergy to pursue shared dreams and aspirations.

制定階段性發展目標和戰略。為了實現長遠目標，中國共產黨采取漸進策略，提出一個時期內的目標任務和實現路徑，一步一步推進，積小勝為大勝。上世紀60年代，在社會主義革命完成、社會主義建設取得顯著成效后，黨提出了在20世紀內實現“四個現代化”的奮斗目標和實現這個目標的“兩步走”設想?。改革開放初期，黨提出到20世紀末人民生活達到小康水平的目標。上世紀80年代中期，黨制定“三步走”發展戰略?；90年代中期，制定新的“三步走”發展戰略?。進入新世紀，黨提出在21世紀頭20年，全面建設惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會。黨的十八大提出到建黨100年時全面建成小康社會。黨的十九大提出在全面建成小康社會后到2035年基本實現社會主義現代化、到21世紀中葉建成社會主義現代化強國的奮斗目標。這些目標和部署，既保持一定的連續性穩定性，又根據實際情況及時進行調整，以更好適應發展了的新形勢。集中統一領導的政治優勢，使得黨可以根據長遠戰略制定階段性目標，有效協調整體利益和局部利益、長遠利益和眼前利益，團結各方為了實現共同目標一起努力，國家的法律、政策也得以穩定連貫實施。在不同歷史時期制定并實現階段性目標，使中國幾十年如一日地向前發展邁進，使社會主義現代化的目標一步步成為現實。
The CPC is adept at formulating time-phased development goals and strategies. To achieve its long-range goals, the Party has adopted progressive tactics – defining time-phased objectives and roadmaps and achieving successes in steps.

In the 1960s, after the Socialist Revolution had been completed and initial success in socialist development had been made, the Party set the goal of achieving the Four Modernizations – of industry, agriculture, national defense, and science and technology – by the end of the 20th century, and to this end devised a Two-stage Plan on Economic Development [ In the 1960s, the CPC Central Committee issued a Two-stage Plan on Economic Development, effective since 1966, the first year of the Third Five-year Plan (1966-1970) period: The first stage was to build an independent and relatively comprehensive industrial and economic system by 1980; and the second stage was to achieve modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology by the end of the 20th century, bringing China to the forefront of the global economy.].

In the early stages of reform and opening up, the Party set the goal of providing a relatively comfortable life for the people by the end of the 20th century.

In the mid-1980s, the Party formulated a Three-step Strategy for Economic Development [ In 1987, at its 13th National Congress, the CPC put forward a Three-step Strategy for Economic Development: The first step was to double the 1980 GNP by the end of the 1980s, to ensure the people have adequate food and clothing; the second step was to quadruple the 1980 GNP by the end of the 20th century, to ensure the people live a relatively comfortable life; and the third step was to increase the per capita GNP to the level of moderately developed countries by the mid-21st century, to ensure the people live a well-off life and basically achieve modernization. ] to meet this goal.

In the mid-1990s, the Party proposed a New Three-step Strategy for Economic Development [ In 1997, at its 15th National Congress, the CPC proposed a New Three-step Strategy for Economic Development: The first step was to double the 2000 GNP by 2010, to ensure the people live a better-off life and form a relatively complete system of socialist market economy; the second step was to achieve greater economic growth and establish more complete systems and institutions by 2020; and the third step was to realize basic modernization and build China into a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced socialist country by the mid-21st century, when the PRC would celebrate its centenary in 2049. ] to meet this goal.

Entering the new century, the Party proposed to build a well-off society of a higher standard in an all-round way to the benefit of well over one billion people in the first two decades of the 21st century.

In 2012, at its 18th National Congress, the Party set the goal of achieving moderate prosperity in all respects by 2021 when the CPC would celebrate its centenary.

In 2017, at its 19th National Congress, the Party set the goals of building on moderate prosperity in all respects to realize basic socialist modernization by 2035, and turning China into a strong, prosperous and modern socialist country by the mid-21st century.

The CPC has worked to see that the above goals and plans remain consistent, but are always adaptable to changing realities and new developments.

Centralized leadership by the Party is one of China's political strengths. It enables the Party to formulate time-phased objectives based on long-range plans. It makes it possible to balance overall with particular interests, and long-term with immediate interests, to forge unity among all social forces to achieve common goals, and to ensure consistency in the implementation of state laws and policies. A step-by-step approach to policymaking has for many years brought China ever closer to the goals of socialist modernization.

通過規劃引領發展、化解挑戰。制定和實施國民經濟和社會發展五年規劃（計劃），是中國共產黨推動發展、實現發展的成功經驗。以五年為一個發展階段，時間長度合適，可以保持政策的穩定和延續，既謀好大事，又辦成大事。從1953年實行國民經濟第一個五年計劃，到現在正實施第十四個五年規劃。從上世紀90年代，黨把制定五年計劃和十年規劃結合起來，根據十年或者更長時間經濟發展的總趨勢和奮斗目標來確定五年計劃，使五年計劃更具長遠性。五年計劃制定過程中，深入調查研究，廣泛征求意見，反復協商，形成共識。為實現國家規劃的落實，建立以國家發展規劃為統領的規劃體系，把全國總目標按照不同層級、不同類別分解成為若干子目標，使全國形成一盤棋。通過制定規劃引領發展，已經從經濟社會領域擴展到國家治理的其他領域。具有前瞻性的發展規劃和可行性的具體舉措相結合，既避免了“只講長遠目標”而“缺乏具體行動”的空談，也避免了“只顧低頭拉車”而“忘了抬頭看路”的短視，對于黨的事業長期穩定發展發揮了重要作用。
The CPC is adept at spearheading development and overcoming challenges through systematic planning. The mechanism of Five-year Plans on National Economic and Social Development has proven successful. Five years is an appropriate time span to ensure consistency in policymaking and to plan and accomplish major programs and projects. Since the implementation of the First Five-year Plan (1953-1957), the CPC has introduced a total of 14 such plans, with the 14th Five-year Plan (20212025) now under way.In the 1990s, the Party launched a mechanism of Ten-year Outline Programs to anticipate general trends of economic development in the next decade or the foreseeable future. The purpose is to set long-range goals, provide a framework for the Five-year Plans, and make the plans more future-oriented. In preparing Five-year Plans, the Party conducts in-depth research and many rounds of extensive consultations.To implement its time-phased plans and programs, a system of national planning guided by the country's overall development strategies has been established. This system divides overall goals into sub-goals in different categories and at various levels to ensure coordinated nationwide development.The system has expanded from social and economic fields to other areas of state governance. With proactive plans and feasible measures, the Party has succeeded in eliminating both "grand words and no concrete action" on long-range goals, and blinkered carthorses feverishly dragging their loads with no real idea of where they are heading.

試點先行，穩步推進。對關系國計民生的重大問題，黨既反對保守，也反對冒進，既大膽試、大膽闖，又實事求是、穩扎穩打，在綜合平衡中穩中求進。把制定長期政策目標和廣泛的政策試驗結合起來，中央設定大的政策目標，在地方設立試點或試驗區摸索具體的實施方法，然后總結試點經驗，以點帶面、以點串線地推廣到其他地方，實現探索、試錯、糾錯、前進的螺旋式發展。黨提出并實行改革決策與立法決策相銜接，確保重大改革于法有據、順利實施。注重發揮法治固根本、穩預期、利長遠的保障作用，及時將實踐證明行之有效的改革成果上升為法律制度和國家政策。對試點先行中的風險和挑戰，黨及時作出分析并進行相應的政策和制度調整，避免了在全國推行時出現大范圍政策失誤甚至引發社會震蕩。從建立經濟特區到設立中國（上海）自由貿易試驗區，從建設雄安新區到支持深圳建設中國特色社會主義先行示范區、支持浦東新區高水平改革開放打造社會主義現代化建設引領區、支持浙江高質量發展建設共同富裕示范區等，黨通過試點辦法，積極而又穩妥地成功推進一系列重大改革。試點先行、由點到面的工作方法，既實現了改革的“蹄疾步穩”，也將地方的創新精神融入中央的政策制定過程中，促進了中央和地方的良性互動，提高了政策的創新力和適應力。經過長期探索實踐，中國實現了以試點促改革、以改革促發展、以發展促穩定，人民在共享發展和穩定“紅利”后進一步支持改革的良性循環。
The CPC is adept at conducting pilot programs before launching nationwide reform measures. In addressing issues vital to the economy, development and people's wellbeing, the Party opposes both conservative thinking and impetuous actions, preferring to seek practical, balanced and steady progress while encouraging bold experiments and breakthroughs. Confirming long-term development goals and implementing related policies is always preceded by small-scale pilot programs. Within the policy framework of the central government, regional pilot programs are conducted to work out specific methods, through testing, modifying and then wider application, for the implementation of a particular national policy. These specific methods, if successful, will be gradually replicated by other localities.

The Party's reform initiatives are implemented through national legislation so as to ensure their legal basis and assist their smooth and effective application. The Party attaches great importance to the rule of law and considers it a guarantee for consolidating the foundations of the Party's governance, meeting people's expectations, and maintaining long-term development. Successful reform measures are codified into state laws and policies in a timely manner.

To mitigate the risks of any social instability or other problems that might arise from the ill-judged nationwide rollout of a pilot program, the Party conducts timely analysis of the results of the pilot and makes the appropriate policy adjustments.

The Party has launched a series of major reform initiatives through pilot programs, including:

?special economic zones,

?China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone,

?Xiong'an New Area,

?Shenzhen Pilot Demonstration Zone for Chinese Socialism,

?Pudong Leading Pilot Zone for Socialist Modernization Through High-level Reform and Opening Up,

?Zhejiang Demonstration Zone for Common Prosperity Through High-quality Development.

The pilot approach has ensured that vigorous reform can make steady progress. It has made national policies more creative and adaptable, and facilitated positive interaction between the policymaking of central government and the innovative initiatives of local government.

Through constant experiment and practice, China has created a positive cycle – promoting reform through pilot programs, propelling development through reform, maintaining stability through development, and winning public support for reform by sharing the fruits of development achievements with the people.

（三）決策部署有效貫徹
3. Effective Implementation of Decisions and Plans

中國共產黨這樣一個大黨，如果沒有堅強有力的組織支撐和紀律約束，就是一盤散沙，大而不強，沒有力量。100年來，中國共產黨建組織、嚴紀律、強法治，真正使千百萬黨員凝聚起來，真正把億萬人民組織起來，保證了黨的決策部署能夠及時、堅決、有力地貫徹執行。
If there were no strong organizational support and disciplinary restraints, the CPC would become fragmented and remain weak in spite of its massive size. Over the past hundred years, the Party has been consistent in building its organization, tightening its discipline and strengthening the rule of law. It has united tens of millions of Party members and organized hundreds of millions of Chinese people, thereby ensuring that its decisions and plans are implemented in a timely, resolute and forceful manner.

建立上下貫通、執行有力的組織體系。中國共產黨的醞釀和發起，就是以“成立一個強固的精密的組織”為目標的。經過長期發展，黨建立起由黨的中央組織、地方組織、基層組織構成的科學嚴密的組織體系。黨的最高領導機關是黨的全國代表大會和它所產生的中央委員會，中央委員會、中央政治局、中央政治局常務委員會是黨的組織體系的大腦和中樞，黨中央制定黨的大政方針，具有定于一尊、一錘定音的權威。黨的各級地方組織負責黨中央的決策部署在本地區的貫徹落實，并把基層和黨員的意見建議報送黨中央，是承上啟下、實現政令暢通的重要環節。486萬多個基層黨組織，廣泛分布在企業、農村、機關、學校、科研院所、街道社區、社會組織、解放軍連隊等基層單位，是黨的肌體的“神經末梢”，負責把黨中央和上級黨組織的決策部署貫徹落實到基層末端，并收集反映黨員和群眾的意見建議。9500多萬黨員在基層組織中發揮先鋒模范作用。依托這種廣泛的、嚴密的、堅強的組織體系，黨中央既可以“如身使臂、如臂使指”，靈活高效地進行指揮，使黨的大政方針和決策部署及時地、不折不扣地貫徹落實到基層，又可以使黨的組織和黨員深深扎根人民，不斷鞏固黨的執政根基。
The CPC has built an organizational system featuring unimpeded communication and effective policy implementation at all levels. Prior to and during the creation of the CPC, its founders aimed to establish a strong and tightly-knit organization. Over the years, the Party has established a sound and complete structure consisting of the central, local and grassroots units.

The highest leading bodies of the Party are the National Congress, and the Central Committee which it elects. The Central Committee, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau are like the brain and nerve center of a body. The Central Committee is responsible for formulating the Party's policies and guidelines. Therefore, it has the authority to make the final decisions.

Local Party organizations are responsible for implementing the Central Committee's decisions and plans in their respective areas, and for reporting feedback and suggestions from grassroots Party organizations and Party members to the Central Committee. Hence they are important intermediate links helping realize the smooth transmission and implementation of policies.

There are more than 4.86 million grassroots Party organizations, widely distributed in enterprises, villages, Party and government institutions, schools, research institutes, sub-districts, communities, social organizations, military units and other grassroots entities. They are like the nerve endings of the Party, responsible for implementing, at the relevant level, the decisions and plans of the Central Committee and the Party organizations at each successive level up. They also collect and report the concerns and suggestions of Party members and the people. More than 95 million Party members also play an exemplary role in grassroots organizations.

With such an extensive, well-knit and strong organizational system, the Central Committee can command with flexibility and efficiency the subordinate Party organizations just as the brain employs the arms and the arms employ the fingers. This is why the Party's policies, guidelines, decisions and plans are implemented fully and rapidly at the grassroots. This is why the Party's organizations and members keep close ties with the people and constantly reinforce the foundations of the Party's governance.

具有嚴明的紀律規矩。紀律是黨的生命線。沒有鐵的紀律，就沒有黨的團結統一，政令就不能通達，黨的凝聚力和戰斗力、領導力和執行力就會大大削弱。革命戰爭年代，黨作出“三大紀律、八項注意”?等紀律規定，提出“加強紀律性，革命無不勝”，加強了內部團結，贏得了人民支持。改革開放新時期，針對資產階級自由化思潮和西方腐朽生活方式的沖擊影響，黨提出“一靠理想二靠紀律才能團結起來”，著力加強紀律建設。黨的十八大以來，黨把紀律建設作為全面從嚴治黨的治本之策，把嚴明政治紀律、政治規矩擺在首位，堅持依規治黨、形成比較完善的黨內法規體系，加強黨員教育管理，嚴肅查處違規違紀行為，尊黨章、守紀律、講規矩在黨內更加鮮明地立了起來。嚴明的紀律規矩加上嚴密的組織體系，使得黨像一臺結構復雜的精密機器，緊密、協調、高效運轉，產生強大力量。
The CPC has strict discipline and rules. Discipline is the lifeline of the Party. Without strict discipline, there would be no unity and solidarity in the Party, policies would not be communicated and implemented smoothly, and the Party's cohesiveness and leadership would be seriously weakened.

In the years of revolutionary war, convinced that "the army will win all battles in revolution as long as discipline is strengthened", the Party issued the Three Main Rules of Discipline and the Eight Points for Attention [ The Three Main Rules of Discipline and the Eight Points for Attention were formulated by Mao Zedong and other Party and military leaders for the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army during the Agrarian Revolutionary War (1927-1937). Later, they were applied to the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army and the People's Liberation Army (PLA). The contents varied slightly in different military units and different periods of history. In October 1947, they were unified and reissued by the General Headquarters of the PLA. The Three Main Rules of Discipline are as follows: (1) Obey orders in all your actions; (2) Do not take a single needle or piece of thread from the people; (3) Turn in everything that is captured. The Eight Points for Attention are as follows: (1) Speak politely; (2) Pay fairly for what you buy; (3) Return everything you borrow; (4) Pay for anything you damage; (5) Do not hit or swear at people; (6) Do not damage crops; (7) Do not take liberties with women; (8) Do not ill-treat captives.]. It used these to reinforce its internal unity and win popular support.

After the beginning of reform and opening up, in response to the adverse impact of bourgeois liberalization and the decadent Western lifestyle, the Party proposed that unity depends on ideals and discipline, and made great efforts to strengthen discipline.

Since its 18th National Congress, the CPC has employed the enforcement of discipline as an essential tool in its full and rigorous self-governance. It has prioritized its efforts to enforce strict political discipline and rules, and is committed to running itself with rigor by forming a sound system of Party regulations. It has strengthened guidance and management of Party members, and strictly investigated and punished violations of discipline and rules. As a result, the principle of observing the Party's constitution, discipline and rules has become more firmly established.

Strict discipline and rules and a sound organizational system ensure that the sophisticated machine of the Party runs efficiently, with all its parts well-coordinated, generating a powerful force.

把黨的領導落實到國家治理各領域各方面各環節。中國共產黨作為執政黨，通過建立和完善國家治理體系開展執政活動、實現執政目標。黨通過領導國家政權機關，將黨的領導體現到國家政權機構、體制、制度等的設計、安排、運行之中，有效實現了黨的主張與國家意志的有機統一。黨始終支持和保證國家政權機關依照憲法法律積極主動、獨立負責、協調一致地開展工作。按照黨管干部、黨管人才原則，黨通過甄選德才兼備的優秀人才，按照法定程序推薦到國家政權機關并成為其中的領導人員；又通過國家政權機關實現黨對國家和社會的領導，確保黨的領導意志貫徹落實到國家治理之中。在國家機關、事業單位、群團組織、社會組織、企業和其他組織中設立黨委（黨組），由批準其成立的黨組織統一領導。在非公有制經濟組織和社會組織中建立健全黨的組織，做到黨和人民的事業發展到哪里，黨的組織就覆蓋到哪里。黨的十八大后，黨深化黨和國家機構改革，對黨和國家組織結構和管理體制進行系統性整體性重構，黨的領導體系、政府治理體系進一步健全，黨的領導力、政府執行力進一步增強。中國特色社會主義具有制度優勢，一個重要方面就是黨的領導的政治優勢與國家治理的制度優勢有機結合，使得黨、國家和人民成為目標相同、利益一致、相互交融、同心同向的整體，產生了極大耦合力，最大限度地避免了內耗，顯著提升了國家治理效能。
The CPC ensures that its leadership is followed in all aspects of state governance. As a governing party, the CPC exercises governance and realizes its goals by establishing and improving the state governance system. By exercising leadership over departments running state power, and embodying its leadership in the design, setup and functioning of state power systems and institutions, the Party has effectively integrated its views with the will of the state.

The Party actively supports the work of the government in accordance with the Constitution and other laws. With the Party supervising officials and exercising leadership over staff, the CPC selects talented people of integrity and ability, and recommends candidates for leadership positions in government in accordance with statutory procedures. The Party exercises leadership over the state and society through the agencies of state power, and thus ensures that its decisions are implemented in the governance of the country.

The Party establishes Party committees or Party leadership groups in government agencies, public institutions, people's organizations, social groups, enterprises and other entities, and places them under the unified leadership of the Party organizations at the next level up. The Party sets up and improves Party organizations in non-public economic entities and social organizations, to ensure that its leadership reaches all social undertakings.

Since its 18th National Congress, the CPC has further reformed Party and government institutions, and conducted thorough and systematic restructuring of the organization and management of the Party and the government. As a result, the Party's leadership system and the government's administrative system have improved, and the leadership of the Party and the government's capacity to deliver have been strengthened.

The integration of the Party leadership's political strengths and the government's institutional strengths unites the Party, the government and the people behind shared goals, interests and aspirations. This generates a huge cohesive force, keeps internal differences to a minimum, and significantly raises the efficiency of state governance. This is a clear manifestation of the institutional strengths of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

通過法治保障黨的政策有效實施。崇尚法治、善用法治、厲行法治，是實現良政善治、保障黨的政策實施的必然途徑。中國共產黨始終堅持依法治國，運用法治思維和法治手段鞏固執政地位、改善執政方式、提高執政能力。新民主主義革命時期，黨就在中央蘇區、陜甘寧邊區等局部執政地區，領導制定實施了有關土地、婚姻、勞動、財經等方面的法律。新中國成立后，在廢除舊法統的同時，黨積極運用新民主主義革命時期根據地法制建設的成功經驗，初步奠定了社會主義法治的基礎。黨的十一屆三中全會后，黨總結民主法制建設正反兩方面經驗，加快推進社會主義法治建設，將“依法治國”確立為黨領導人民治理國家的基本方略，將“依法執政”確立為黨治國理政的基本方式。黨的十八大以來，黨站在鞏固執政地位、確保國家長治久安的高度，定位法治、布局法治、厲行法治，將“全面依法治國”納入“四個全面”戰略布局，堅持黨領導立法、保證執法、支持司法、帶頭守法，堅持依法治國首先要堅持依憲治國，進一步健全黨領導全面依法治國的制度和工作機制，更好地通過法定程序使黨的主張成為國家意志、形成法律，通過法律保障黨的政策有效實施，有力推進了國家治理體系和治理能力現代化。
The CPC ensures effective implementation of its policies through the rule of law. Respecting and practicing the rule of law are essential to good governance and the implementation of the Party's policies. The CPC is committed to law-based governance and always applies law-based thinking and approaches to consolidate its governing status, improve its approach to governance, and strengthen its governance capability.

During the New Democratic Revolution, the Party supervised the formulation and implementation of laws on land, marriage, labor, finance and other matters in the Central Soviet Area, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region and other areas under its rule.

After founding the PRC, the Party applied its successful experience in introducing a new legal system in base areas during the New Democratic Revolution, and laid the foundations of socialist rule of law.

After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, the Party reviewed the experience and lessons it had learned in building democracy and the legal system. It used this review to accelerate the implementation of socialist rule of law and establish law-based governance as the basic means of governing the country, and law-based exercise of state power as the basic tool for governance.

Since the 18th National Congress, to consolidate its position as the governing party and ensure lasting peace and stability, the CPC has emphasized the importance of the rule of law. Comprehensively advancing the rule of law is one prong of the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy. The Party provides guidance for legislation, guarantees law enforcement, supports judicial justice, and plays an exemplary role in abiding by the law. It holds that respecting the Constitution is essential to law-based governance. The Party is improving its working mechanisms for exercising law-based governance to ensure effective implementation of its policies through the law, and to modernize China's governance system and capacity.

（四）團結和凝聚各方力量
4. Pooling the Efforts of All Sectors

中國共產黨之所以有力量，在于黨在不同歷史時期，始終把統一戰線擺在重要位置，堅持大團結大聯合，堅持一致性和多樣性統一，加強思想政治引領，廣泛凝聚共識，廣聚天下英才，努力尋求最大公約數、畫出最大同心圓，不斷鞏固和發展最廣泛的統一戰線，團結一切可以團結的力量、調動一切可以調動的積極因素，最大限度凝聚起共同奮斗的力量。愛國統一戰線是黨團結海內外全體中華兒女實現中華民族偉大復興的重要法寶。
The CPC is strong because it has always placed the united front in an important position. It has ensured great unity and solidarity, and balanced commonality and diversity. It has strengthened theoretical and political guidance, built broad consensus, brought together the brightest minds, and expanded common ground and the convergence of interests. It has always consolidated and developed the broadest possible front, combining all the forces that can be united, mobilizing all positive factors, and pooling as much strength as possible for collective endeavors. The patriotic united front is an important means for the Party to unite all the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, both at home and abroad, behind the goal of national rejuvenation.

團結和凝聚各方力量戰勝強大敵人。大革命時期，中國共產黨積極推動同中國國民黨的合作，建立國民革命聯合戰線，給予帝國主義在華的侵略勢力和北洋軍閥的反動統治以致命打擊。抗日戰爭時期，黨推動建立抗日民族統一戰線，工人階級、農民階級、城市小資產階級、民族資產階級、海外華僑、一部分地主買辦階級，以不同形式參加了抗日民族統一戰線，使抗日戰爭成為全民族的反侵略戰爭。解放戰爭時期，黨在農村、在城市、在國民黨軍隊中，團結一切可以團結的力量，建立最廣泛的人民民主統一戰線，人民軍隊能夠在那么短的時間內取得三大戰役勝利，解放戰爭能夠以如此之快的速度向前推進，與各方廣泛支持是分不開的。
The CPC has united with and pooled the efforts of all sectors to defeat powerful enemies. During the Great Revolution (1924-1927), the Party actively called for cooperation with the KMT, which resulted in a nationalist revolutionary united front, striking a blow against foreign imperialist forces in China and ending the reactionary rule of the Northern Warlords.

During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the CPC campaigned for a national united front. Workers, peasants, urban petty bourgeoisie, national bourgeoisie, overseas Chinese, and some landlords and compradors answered the call in various ways, waging an all-out people's war.

During the War of Liberation, the Party united all possible forces in both rural and urban areas, even among the KMT troops, forming the broadest possible people's democratic united front. The extensive support of so many parties was indispensable to the victory of the PLA in the three major campaigns and to the rapid success of the War of Liberation.

建立人民大眾的、各方面共同參與的人民政權。延安時期，黨就倡導建立“民主聯合政府”；陜甘寧邊區政府實行共產黨員、黨外進步人士、中間派各占三分之一的“三三制”政權制度，極大調動了各方面人士參與邊區建設的熱情。新中國成立前夕，在中國共產黨倡議下，中國人民政治協商會議召開，中國共產黨、各民主黨派、無黨派人士、各人民團體、人民解放軍、各地區、各民族以及國外華僑代表，代表4億中國人民，充分發揚民主，開展熱烈討論，協商完成了建國大業。新中國成立后，黨繼續堅持走人民民主統一戰線的道路，凝聚各方力量建設國家。改革開放以來，黨同全國各民族工人、農民、知識分子，同各民主黨派、無黨派人士、各民族的愛國力量團結在一起，進一步發展和壯大由全體社會主義勞動者、社會主義事業的建設者、擁護社會主義的愛國者、擁護祖國統一和致力于中華民族偉大復興的愛國者組成的最廣泛的愛國統一戰線，為民族復興大業匯聚各方力量。
The CPC has founded a people's government in which all parties participate. During its Yan'an Period (1935-1948), the Party proposed a "democratic coalition government", with CPC members, non-CPC progressives, and centrists each accounting for one third of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region government. This aroused great enthusiasm among all parties involved in the arrangement.

Shortly before the founding of the PRC, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) was convened at the behest of the CPC. The CPC, the other political parties, the non-affiliates, people's organizations, and the PLA were all represented, as were various regions and ethnic groups and overseas Chinese. On behalf of some 400 million Chinese people, they engaged in a lively democratic debate and agreed on the terms for the founding of the People's Republic.

After the PRC was founded, the Party continued to maintain the people's democratic united front, involving participants from all walks of life in reconstruction.

After policies for reform and opening up were implemented, the CPC united workers, farmers, intellectuals, and other patriots, regardless of their party affiliation or ethnic background, expanding the patriotic united front and making it as broad as possible. Formed of all builders of socialism, patriotic supporters of socialism, and patriots who support the reunification of the country and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the front represents a combined effort to achieve the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

探索形成新型政黨制度。在長期的革命、建設、改革進程中，中國共產黨與各民主黨派、無黨派人士，長期共存、互相監督、肝膽相照、榮辱與共，形成了中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協商制度。這一新型政黨制度，能夠真實、廣泛、持久地代表并實現最廣大人民和全國各族各界的根本利益，有效避免了舊式政黨制度只代表少數人、少數利益集團的弊端，有效克服了政黨之間互相傾軋造成政權更迭頻繁的弊端。中國共產黨作為執政黨，處于領導地位和執政地位，善于聽取意見，樂于接受監督，勇于接受批評。各民主黨派作為中國特色社會主義參政黨，是中國共產黨的好參謀、好幫手、好同事，積極參與國家政權建設和國家大政方針制定，在促進國家政策、法律法規的制定實施等方面發揮了重要作用。
The CPC has formed a new political party system. During the long process of revolution, reconstruction and reform, the CPC, together with the other political parties and the non-affiliates, has formed a CPC-led system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation based on long-term coexistence, mutual oversight, sincerity and sharing weal and woe. This new model can truly, extensively, and consistently promote the interests of the maximum number of people of all ethnic groups and social sectors. It is effective in avoiding the drawbacks of the old political party system that stood for only a small number of people and interest groups, and it can prevent the frequent changes of regime caused by internal strife among political parties.As the governing party, the CPC is willing and able to hear opinions, and accept scrutiny and criticism. As participants in socialism with Chinese characteristics, the non-CPC political parties function as advisors and assistants of the CPC, and play an active role in establishing the people's government and formulating important national strategies and policies. They have played a key role in devising and implementing national policies, laws and regulations.

不斷激發全體人民團結奮進力量。物質生活的日益豐富、和平時期的承平日久，可能會滋生拜金主義、享樂主義、個人主義，導致理想信念消退、奮斗精神缺失、社會凝聚力下降。黨對此保持清醒認識，在推進物質文明不斷發展的同時，高度重視精神文明建設，堅持不懈在全社會開展黨的創新理論、理想信念、奮斗精神教育，加強思想輿論引導，展示昂揚向上的社會主流，反映發展進步的社會本質，營造團結奮進的社會氛圍。加強青少年教育，引導他們堅定理想信念、繼承革命精神、傳承紅色基因，扣好人生第一粒扣子，在黨的領導下把紅色江山守衛好，一代一代傳下去。
The CPC has systematically inspired and rallied the people to work together and make progress. Growing affluence and an extended period of peace may breed mammonism, hedonism and self-centrism, leading to a weakening of resolve, a loss of fighting spirit, and a decline in social cohesion.

Always conscious of this, while promoting continuous progress in material terms, the CPC also attaches great importance to education in culture and ethics. It carries out systematic campaigns to encourage the general public to study the Party's theories, ideals, beliefs, and spirit, so as to strengthen guidance and create a positive atmosphere for social development, unity and progress.

The CPC has stepped up education of young people, encouraging them to hold fast to its ideals and beliefs, carry forward the revolutionary spirit, and pass down revolutionary traditions. The Party works to ensure that they are on the right track when starting their lives. Thus, under the CPC's leadership, they will be able to safeguard the socialist country and pass it from generation to generation.

凝聚海外僑胞力量。海外僑胞是中華民族大家庭的重要成員，是實現中華民族偉大復興的重要力量。黨在不同歷史時期，團結號召海外僑胞積極投身中華民族復興大業。廣大海外僑胞不忘祖國、不忘祖籍，熱情支持中國革命、建設、改革事業，為中華民族發展壯大、促進祖國和平統一大業、增進中國人民同各國人民的友好合作作出了重要貢獻。國家的強盛、民族的復興，極大增強了海外僑胞的民族自豪感和向心力。
The CPC has gathered the strengths of overseas Chinese. Overseas Chinese are important members of the great Chinese family, and a vital force for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Party has united with and called on them to play their part in national revival.Overseas Chinese, with the motherland and hometown in their hearts, have given unstinting support to China's revolution, reconstruction and reform, and made a huge contribution to the development of the nation, the reunification of the motherland, and the cooperation between the peoples of China and other countries. China's growing prosperity and national rejuvenation have given a great boost to their pride in the nation and sense of identity.

（五）建設高素質干部隊伍
5. Fostering High-Caliber Party Officials

政治路線確定以后，干部就是決定因素。黨之所以能夠實現對黨和國家事業的全面領導，能夠實現對各個領域各個行業的領導，關鍵是有一支規模宏大的高素質干部隊伍，關鍵是能夠聚天下英才而用之。
With the CPC's political guidelines clearly defined, how officials carry out their duties makes a great difference to the performance of the Party. The CPC can realize its overall leadership over state affairs and in all sectors of society because a large number of high-caliber officials play their role to the best of their ability.

吸引匯聚先進分子。自古以來，中國的仁人志士就有憂國憂民的家國情懷。中國共產黨的理想信念、性質宗旨與中國先進分子價值追求的一致性，使得黨對先進分子具有強大的吸引力，成為他們一心向往、施展抱負、實現價值的依托。黨成立之初，許多家境富裕的青年知識分子放棄優渥生活，加入中國共產黨，選擇了可能犧牲生命的革命事業。延安時期，全國各界的許多進步人士紛紛奔赴延安，很多熱血青年更是“只要還有一口氣，爬也要爬到延安城”。新中國成立后，許多在海外的優秀科學家，突破重重封鎖回國，為新中國建設貢獻力量。今天的中國繁榮發展，為各路英才實現人生理想搭建了更加廣闊的舞臺。黨在不同歷史時期，都能吸引匯聚中國最優秀的群體，為民族獨立、人民解放和國家富強、人民幸福共同奮斗。
The CPC attracts progressive individuals. For millennia, dedicated progressives in China have demonstrated a deep concern for the country and the people. Today they are attracted to the CPC to realize their aspirations, as the Party's ideals, beliefs and principles are consistent with their values and goals.

In the early years of the CPC, a large number of young intellectuals left their well-off families and joined the Party in its struggle, ready to sacrifice their lives for the Chinese revolution wherever and whenever they might be called upon to do so.

During the Yan'an period, progressive individuals from every sector of society overcame great difficulties to make the testing journey from all parts of the country to Yan'an, where the CPC Central Committee was located. Many young patriots were willing to risk their lives to complete the journey.

After the founding of the PRC, many outstanding overseas Chinese scientists made great efforts to break through the Western blockade and return to China in order to work for the country.

Today's China, on the path to greater prosperity and development, provides an even larger arena for talented individuals to fulfill their aspirations.

Throughout history, the CPC has always been able to gather the most outstanding social groups, all dedicated to the nation's independence, the people's liberation and wellbeing, and the country's prosperity.

重視選賢任能。黨始終把選人用人作為關系黨和人民事業的關鍵性根本性問題來抓。革命戰爭年代，黨培養了一大批對黨忠誠、英勇善戰、不怕犧牲的優秀干部。新中國成立后，隨著黨的工作重心由農村轉向城市、由戰爭轉向生產建設，黨培養了一大批懂政治、懂業務、又紅又專的優秀干部。改革開放后，適應社會主義現代化建設新要求，黨提出建設“革命化、年輕化、知識化、專業化”干部隊伍的要求，一批年富力強、銳意改革的優秀干部走上領導崗位。黨的十八大以來，黨總結干部隊伍建設經驗，把從嚴治吏、培養選拔黨和人民需要的好干部作為從嚴治黨的重要內容，進一步明確以什么標準選人、選什么樣的人、怎樣選人，為優秀人才脫穎而出創造了更好條件，培養選拔了一大批新時代的好干部。
The CPC values talented and capable professionals. Selecting and appointing talent has always been of fundamental importance in advancing the cause of the Party and the people.

During the revolutionary war years, the CPC trained a large number of qualified officials who were loyal to the Party, brave and skillful in battle, and unafraid to sacrifice their lives.

After the founding of the PRC, as the CPC shifted its focus from rural areas to cities, and from war to reconstruction, it trained a cohort of officials who were politically solid and professionally competent.

After the beginning of reform and opening up, to facilitate socialist modernization, the CPC began to select officials who were younger, better educated, more professional, and more dedicated to the revolution. A group of young officials committed to reform rose to positions of leadership.

Since its 18th National Congress, selecting and training officials, and tightening their discipline, have been key to strengthening the Party. The CPC has further clarified the standards and procedures for selecting officials for the new era, enabling a large number of outstanding candidates to emerge.

把好干部選出來、用起來。中國共產黨在長期探索中，傳承中國歷史上選賢任能的優良傳統，借鑒其他國家的有益做法，形成了選拔、任用、培訓、管理、考核、激勵等比較完備的選人用人體系，使優秀人才發現得了、培養得好、用得起來。制定黨的干部工作方針，強調堅持黨管干部原則，堅持德才兼備、以德為先，堅持五湖四海、任人唯賢，堅持事業為上、公道正派，堅持注重實績、群眾公認。提出“信念堅定、為民服務、勤政務實、敢于擔當、清正廉潔”的好干部標準，體現了對干部綜合素質的要求。干部錄用主要是通過嚴格公平的考試，從全社會優秀人才中選拔。干部提拔晉升，按照好干部標準，圍繞德、能、勤、績、廉，經過組織推薦、民主評議、個別談話、會議決定等多個程序深入進行考察，同時，嚴格實行“凡提四必”?等制度，防止“帶病提拔”。黨的各級干部，都是一步步成長起來的，都是通過層層考核選拔出來的優秀者。黨高度重視干部的使用培訓，通過在職培訓、掛職鍛煉、交叉任職、多崗輪換等多種形式，提升履職盡責的素質能力，著力建設忠誠干凈擔當的高素質專業化干部隊伍。
The CPC selects competent officials and puts them to good use. Drawing on domestic and foreign experience, the CPC has developed a comprehensive system for selecting, appointing, training, managing, evaluating and incentivizing officials, allowing competent officials to be identified and trained, then assigned to the posts where they are most needed.

The Party selects officials regardless of background, on the basis of both integrity and ability, with priority given to integrity. The Party appoints officials who are dedicated, impartial, upright, pragmatic and successful.

Qualified officials must be firm in their ideals and convictions, willing to serve the people, diligent in work, ready to take on responsibilities, honest and upright.

The recruitment of officials is based on the results of fair national exams and reviews.

The promotion of officials, based on the assessment of integrity, ability, diligence, performance and incorruptibility, follows strict procedures – recommendation by Party organizations, assessment by the public, oral inquiries, and group discussions. To prevent incompetent or even corrupt officials from being promoted, the Party has adopted the mechanism of Four Musts [ Before a proposed promotion is confirmed, the archives of the candidate must be reviewed; the report on personal information must be subject to investigation; feedback from discipline inspection and supervision departments must be reviewed; and details of reported misconduct must be subject to investigation. ] for the selection and appointment of officials at all levels.

To improve officials' performance, the Party provides them with training in various forms, including on-the-job training and assignment to temporary posts, rotating posts, and concurrent Party/administrative posts. The aim is to train competent and professional officials who are loyal, honest and upright.

100年來，中國共產黨從一棵小樹成長為枝繁葉茂的參天大樹。這棵大樹，吸吮著馬克思主義科學理論的養分，深深扎根于14億多人民的豐厚土壤之中，堅強有力的黨中央和領導核心是主干，黨的各級組織是枝干，9500多萬黨員是樹葉。這樣一棵枝繁葉茂的大樹，具有不斷成長的內生動力，具有抵擋任何風雨侵襲的強大力量。
Over the past hundred years, the CPC has grown into a towering tree with its roots spreading throughout China, drawing on a wealth of experience from Marxism and serving 1.4 billion people. The CPC Central Committee with its leadership core is the trunk of the tree, the Party organizations at all levels the branches, and 95 million Party members the leaves. The tree continues to grow with vigor and vitality, impervious to wind and storm.