3月5日，第十三屆全國人大四次會議在北京人民大會堂開幕，李克強代表國務院向大會作政府工作報告。

第十三屆全國人民代表大會第四次會議聽取和審議了國務院總理李克強所作的政府工作報告。會議高度評價“十三五”時期我國經濟社會發展取得的歷史性成就，充分肯定國務院過去一年的工作，同意報告提出的“十四五”時期主要目標任務和2021年經濟社會發展的總體要求、主要目標和工作部署，決定批準這個報告。

以下為報告雙語全文：

政府工作報告
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

——2021年3月5日在第十三屆全國人民代表大會第四次會議上
國務院總理　李克強
Delivered at the Fourth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress of
the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2021
Li Keqiang
Premier of the State Council

各位代表：
Fellow Deputies,

現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協委員提出意見。
On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the
government and ask for your deliberation and approval. I also ask members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC) for their comments.

一、2020年工作回顧
I. A review of Our Work in 2020

過去一年，在新中國歷史上極不平凡。面對突如其來的新冠肺炎疫情、世界經濟深度衰退等多重嚴重沖擊，在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，全國各族人民頑強拼搏，疫情防控取得重大戰略成果，在全球主要經濟體中唯一實現經濟正增長，脫貧攻堅戰取得全面勝利，決勝全面建成小康社會取得決定性成就，交出一份人民滿意、世界矚目、可以載入史冊的答卷。全年發展主要目標任務較好完成，我國改革開放和社會主義現代化建設又取得新的重大進展。
Last year was an extraordinary year in the history of the People’s Republic of
China. Facing the severe combined impact of a sudden coronavirus epidemic and a deep global economic recession, we the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, responded with tremendous tenacity. We achieved major strategic success in our response to Covid-19 and China was the world’s only major economy to achieve growth. We attained a complete victory in the fight against poverty, and we scored decisive achievements in securing a full victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Indeed, our achievements, which have won the approval of our people and global recognition, will be remembered in history. Our development goals and tasks for the year were accomplished, and major headway has been made in China’s reform, opening up, and socialist modernization drive.

在艱辛的抗疫歷程中，黨中央始終堅持人民至上、生命至上，習近平總書記親自指揮、親自部署，各方面持續努力，不斷鞏固防控成果。我們針對疫情形勢變化，及時調整防控策略，健全常態化防控機制，有效處置局部地區聚集性疫情，最大限度保護了人民生命安全和身體健康，為恢復生產生活秩序創造必要條件。
Throughout this fierce battle against Covid-19, the CPC Central Committee put
protecting the people and human life above everything else, with General
Secretary Xi Jinping personally taking charge and making response decisions.
Thanks to the tireless efforts of all of us, our gains in controlling Covid-19 were continuously consolidated. In response to evolving epidemic dynamics, we made well-timed adjustments to our response approaches. We improved routine control mechanisms and effectively suppressed several local outbreaks of the epidemic. With these actions, we protected the health and safety of the people to the greatest extent possible, and created the conditions for returning to normal life and work.

一年來，我們貫徹黨中央決策部署，統籌推進疫情防控和經濟社會發展，主要做了以下工作。
Last year, we carried out the following work in implementing the decisions
and plans of the Party Central Committee, and to respond to Covid-19 and
advance economic and social development:

一是圍繞市場主體的急需制定和實施宏觀政策，穩住了經濟基本盤。
1. We formulated and implemented macro policies to meet the urgent needs of market entities and kept the fundamentals of the economy stable.

面對歷史罕見的沖擊，我們在“六穩”工作基礎上，明確提出“六保”任務，特別是保就業保民生保市場主體，以保促穩、穩中求進。立足國情實際，既及時果斷又保持定力，堅持不搞“大水漫灌”，科學把握規模性政策的平衡點。注重用改革和創新辦法，助企紓困和激發活力并舉，幫助受沖擊最直接且量大面廣的中小微企業和個體工商戶渡難關。實施階段性大規模減稅降費，與制度性安排相結合，全年為市場主體減負超過2.6萬億元，其中減免社保費1.7萬億元。創新宏觀政策實施方式，對新增2萬億元中央財政資金建立直達機制，省級財政加大資金下沉力度，共同為市縣基層落實惠企利民政策及時補充財力。支持銀行定向增加貸款并降低利率水平，對中小微企業貸款延期還本付息，大型商業銀行普惠小微企業貸款增長50%以上，金融系統向實體經濟讓利1.5萬億元。對大企業復工復產加強“點對點”服務。經過艱苦努力，我們率先實現復工復產，經濟恢復好于預期，全年國內生產總值增長2.3%，宏觀調控積累了新的經驗，以合理代價取得較大成效。
Facing shocks of a severity rarely seen before, based on what we had done to
ensure stability on six key fronts, we carried out the task of maintaining security in six key areas—particularly job security, basic living needs, and the operations of market entities. By maintaining security, we were able to deliver stability while also pursuing progress. Based on China’s realities, we refrained from adopting a deluge of strong stimulus policies but took swift, decisive and well-considered steps, thus maintaining a desired balance between various macro policies. Using approaches of reform and innovation, we eased the difficulties of our enterprises and energized them. And we helped micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and self-employed individuals, which are large in number, extensive in scope and took the most direct hit from Covid-19, weather what was a very tough time. By making both time-limited large-scale tax and fee cuts and institutional arrangements, we reduced the burden on market entities by more than 2.6 trillion yuan for the year, including 1.7 trillion yuan in social insurance premium cuts and exemptions. We adopted new approaches in implementing macro policies. The central government established a mechanism to directly allocate two trillion yuan of new funding to prefecture- and county-level governments, while provincial-level governments also increased their funding allocations to governments at these levels. With these two steps, we provided prefecture- and county-level governments with additional and timely fiscal resources to assist local businesses and residents. Banks were given support to increase loans to businesses and lower interest rates in a targeted way. MSMEs were allowed to postpone principal and interest repayments on their loans, and inclusive finance lending by large commercial banks to micro and small businesses increased by more than 50 percent. The real economy thus received an infusion of 1.5 trillion yuan from financial institutions. Point-to-point transportation services were provided to large enterprises to help them resume operations. Thanks to all these arduous efforts, China was able to take the lead in reopening its economy. With gross domestic product (GDP) for the year growing by 2.3 percent, a better-than-expected recovery was achieved. We thus not only gained fresh experience in macro regulation, but also delivered the best possible outcome at an acceptable cost.

二是優先穩就業保民生，人民生活得到切實保障。就業是最大的民生，保市場主體也是為穩就業保民生。
2. We gave top priority to stabilizing employment and ensuring living standards and effectively safeguarded people’s wellbeing.

各地加大穩崗擴崗激勵力度，企業和員工共同克服困難。多渠道做好重點群體就業工作，支持大眾創業萬眾創新帶動就業。新增市場主體恢復快速增長，創造了大量就業崗位。城鎮新增就業1186萬人，年末全國城鎮調查失業率降到5.2%。作為最大發展中國家，在巨大沖擊下能夠保持就業大局穩定，尤為難能可貴。加強生活必需品保供穩價，居民消費價格上漲2.5%。線上辦公、網絡購物、無接觸配送等廣泛開展。大幅度擴大失業保險保障范圍。對因疫情遇困群眾及時給予救助，新納入低保、特困供養近600萬人，實施臨時救助超過800萬人次。抵御嚴重洪澇、臺風等自然災害，全力應急搶險救援，妥善安置受災群眾，保障了人民群眾生命財產安全和基本生活。
Employment is pivotal to people’s wellbeing. Our efforts to keep market
entities afloat are aimed at maintaining stable employment and meeting basic
living needs. Local governments across the country provided more incentives to stabilize and expand employment, thus enabling businesses and their employees to work hand-in-hand to overcome their difficulties. Multiple channels were tapped to ensure employment for key groups, and startups and innovation were encouraged as a way to create jobs. The number of new market entities began growing rapidly again, leading to the creation of a large number of new jobs. A total of 11.86 million urban jobs were added, and the year-end surveyed urban unemployment rate dropped to 5.2 percent. It is truly remarkable that China, the largest developing country in the world, has kept overall employment stable in the face of such an enormous shock. The supply and price stability of daily necessities was ensured; the consumer price index (CPI) posted a 2.5 percent growth. Practices like working from home, online shopping, and contactless delivery were widely adopted. We expanded the coverage of unemployment insurance schemes, and extended timely assistance to those who were hit particularly hard by Covid-19. Close to six million additional people received subsistence allowances or extreme poverty aid, and more than eight million temporary assistance grants were disbursed. We fought against severe floods, typhoons, and other natural disasters and spared no effort to provide rescue and relief to disaster victims and make appropriate arrangements for them, thus protecting people’s lives and property and ensuring their basic living needs.

三是堅決打好三大攻堅戰，主要目標任務如期完成。
3. We made decisive progress in the three critical battles against poverty, pollution and potential risk, achieving major targets and tasks as planned.

較大幅度增加財政扶貧資金投入。對工作難度大的貧困縣和貧困村掛牌督戰，精準落實各項幫扶措施。優先支持貧困勞動力穩崗就業，幫助返鄉貧困勞動力再就業，努力穩住務工收入。加大產業扶貧力度，深入開展消費扶貧。加強易返貧致貧人口監測和幫扶。年初剩余的551萬農村貧困人口全部脫貧、52個貧困縣全部摘帽。繼續打好藍天、碧水、凈土保衛戰，完成污染防治攻堅戰階段性目標任務。長江、黃河、海岸帶等重要生態系統保護和修復重大工程深入實施，生態建設得到加強。穩妥化解地方政府債務風險，及時處置一批重大金融風險隱患。
We increased funding for poverty alleviation by a considerable sum. Counties
and villages facing difficulty in poverty eradication were placed under special
supervision to see they fully implemented all assistance and support policies. We assisted on a priority basis poor workers in securing jobs and poor rural migrant workers who had returned home in finding new jobs, thus keeping rural residents’ incomes from nonagricultural work stable. We worked harder to reduce poverty through the development of local industries and promote consumer spending on products from poor areas. We strengthened monitoring for groups who are liable to return to, or fall into, poverty, and provided them with assistance. All remaining poor rural residents, totaling 5.51 million in early 2020, were lifted from poverty, as were all of China’s remaining 52 poor counties. We continued working to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our lands pollution-free, and accomplished the objectives for pollution prevention and control for the current stage. We carried out major projects for protecting and restoring key ecosystems in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins and along coastlines, and stepped up our ecological conservation endeavors. We took prudent steps to defuse local government debt risks and acted swiftly to defuse a number of major financial risks and potential dangers.

四是堅定不移推進改革開放，發展活力和內生動力進一步增強。
4. We continued to advance reform and opening up and further boosted the vitality and momentum of development.

完善要素市場化配置體制機制。加強產權保護。深入推進“放管服”改革，實施優化營商環境條例。出臺國企改革三年行動方案。支持民營企業發展。完善資本市場基礎制度。扎實推進農業農村、社會事業等領域改革。共建“一帶一路”穩步推進。海南自由貿易港建設等重大舉措陸續推出。成功舉辦第三屆中國國際進口博覽會、中國國際服務貿易交易會。推動區域全面經濟伙伴關系協定簽署。完成中歐投資協定談判。維護產業鏈供應鏈穩定，對外貿易和利用外資保持增長。
We improved the systems and mechanisms for the market allocation of production factors and strengthened the protection of property rights. We furthered reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services; and the Regulations on Improving the Business Environment were implemented. We adopted a three-year action plan for SOE reform and supported the development of private businesses. The underlying systems of the capital market were improved. We made solid strides in reforms related to agriculture, rural development, and social programs. Steady progress was achieved in the joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Major measures to develop the Hainan Free Trade Port and other major initiatives were launched. The third China International Import Expo and the China International Fair for Trade in Services were hosted successfully. China played an important role in the signing of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, and it concluded negotiations on an investment agreement with the European Union. China’s industrial chains and supply chains were kept stable. And its foreign trade and utilized foreign investment posted steady growth.

五是大力促進科技創新，產業轉型升級步伐加快。
5. We vigorously promoted innovation in science and technology and accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading.

建設國際科技創新中心和綜合性國家科學中心，成功組建首批國家實驗室。“天問一號”、“嫦娥五號”、“奮斗者”號等突破性成果不斷涌現。加強關鍵核心技術攻關。加大知識產權保護力度。支持科技成果轉化應用，促進大中小企業融通創新，推廣全面創新改革試驗相關舉措。推動產業數字化智能化改造，戰略性新興產業保持快速發展勢頭。
We developed China’s international centers for science and technology innovation and comprehensive national science centers, and set up the country’s first group of national laboratories. Last year saw a stream of scientific and technological breakthroughs, like the Tianwen-1 Mars mission, the Chang’e-5 lunar mission, and the Fendouzhe (Striver) deep-sea manned submersible. We intensified efforts to make major breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. Intellectual property protection was strengthened. We supported the application of scientific and technological advances, encouraged collaborative innovation among small, medium, and large enterprises, and promoted pilot reforms on all-around innovation. More was done to upgrade the industrial sector with digital and smart technologies; and strategic emerging industries maintained rapid development.

六是推進新型城鎮化和鄉村振興，城鄉區域發展格局不斷優化。
6. We advanced new urbanization and rural revitalization and improved the layout of urban-rural development and development among regions.

加大城鎮老舊小區改造力度，因城施策促進房地產市場平穩健康發展。糧食實現增產，生豬產能加快恢復，鄉村建設穩步展開，農村人居環境整治成效明顯。推進煤電油氣產供儲銷體系建設，提升能源安全保障能力。健全區域協調發展體制機制，在實施重大區域發展戰略方面出臺一批新舉措。
Efforts were intensified to rebuild old urban residential areas. By adopting
city-specific policies, we promoted the stable and healthy development of the
housing market. Grain output continued to increase, and hog production rebounded at a faster rate. We took solid steps in advancing rural development, and markedly improved rural living environments. We continued to build up the production, supply, storage, and marketing systems for coal, petroleum, natural gas, and electricity, and enhanced our capacity to ensure energy security. We improved mechanisms for promoting coordinated development between regions, and introduced a range of new measures to implement major strategies for regional development.

七是加強依法行政和社會建設，社會保持和諧穩定。
7. We stepped up law-based administration, promoted social advancement, and safeguarded social harmony and stability.

提請全國人大常委會審議法律議案9件，制定修訂行政法規37部。認真辦理人大代表建議和政協委員提案。廣泛開展線上教學，秋季學期實現全面復學，1000多萬高中畢業生順利完成高考。全面深化教育領域綜合改革。實現高職院校擴招100萬人目標。加大公共衛生體系建設力度。提升大規模核酸檢測能力，新冠肺炎患者治療費用全部由國家承擔。提高退休人員基本養老金，上調城鄉居民基礎養老金最低標準，保障養老金按時足額發放，實現企業養老保險基金省級統收統支。加強公共文化服務。完善城鄉基層治理。扎實做好信訪工作。發揮審計監督作用。開展國務院大督查。做好第七次全國人口普查、國家脫貧攻堅普查。加強生產安全事故防范和處置。嚴格食品藥品疫苗監管。強化社會治安綜合治理，持續推進掃黑除惡專項斗爭，平安中國建設取得新成效。
We submitted nine legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for deliberation, and formulated or revised 37 sets of administrative regulations. We worked with keen attention to handle the
suggestions and proposals of NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members. Online school teaching was introduced nationwide, and students returned to school for the autumn semester. Over 10 million high school graduates successfully completed the college entrance examination. We pushed ahead with the comprehensive reform of education, and we achieved the goal of increasing student enrollments in vocational colleges by one million. Efforts were redoubled to strengthen the public health system. We scaled up the capacity for conducting large-scale nucleic acid testing, and all the medical bills for treating Covid-19 patients were covered by the government. Basic pension payments for retirees and minimum basic pension benefits for rural and urban non-working residents were both raised. Pension benefits were paid on time and in full, and provincial-level collection and payout of enterprise workers’ old-age insurance funds was realized. Better public cultural services were provided. Primary-level governance in urban and rural areas was enhanced. Solid steps were taken to address public complaints. Audit-based oversight was vigorously conducted, and State Council accountability inspections were carried out. We conducted the seventh population census and the poverty reduction survey. We intensified efforts to prevent and handle workplace accidents. Supervision of food, drugs, and vaccines was tightened up. We took a full range of measures to maintain law and order, and continued to combat organized crime and root out local criminal gangs, thus making further headway in pursuing the Peaceful China initiative.

貫徹落實黨中央全面從嚴治黨戰略部署，加強黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭。鞏固深化“不忘初心、牢記使命”主題教育成果。嚴格落實中央八項規定精神，持續為基層減負。
We implemented the Party Central Committee’s strategic plan for exercising
full and strict Party self-governance, and did more to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption. We consolidated the gains from the initiative to raise awareness of the need to stay true to the Party’s founding mission. We strictly complied with the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving work conduct, and we made sustained efforts to ease the burdens of those working on the ground.

中國特色大國外交卓有成效。習近平主席等黨和國家領導人通過視頻方式主持中非團結抗疫特別峰會，出席聯合國成立75周年系列高級別會議、世界衛生大會、二十國集團領導人峰會、亞太經合組織領導人非正式會議、中國－歐盟領導人會晤、東亞合作領導人系列會議等重大活動。堅持多邊主義，推動構建人類命運共同體。支持國際抗疫合作，倡導建設人類衛生健康共同體。中國為促進世界和平與發展作出了重要貢獻。
We were successful in pursuing China’s major country diplomacy. President Xi Jinping and other Party and state leaders hosted or attended, via video link, major diplomatic events, including the Extraordinary China-Africa Summit on Solidarity against Covid-19, high-level meetings commemorating the 75th anniversary of the United Nations, the 73rd World Health Assembly, the G20 Leaders’ Summit in Riyadh, the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting, the 22nd China-EU Leaders’ Meeting, and the East Asia leaders’ meetings on cooperation. We upheld multilateralism and endeavored to build a human community with a shared future. We supported global cooperation on combating Covid-19 and called for building a global health community. China thus made important contributions to advancing global peace and development.

一年來的工作殊為不易。各地區各部門顧全大局、盡責擔當，上億市場主體在應對沖擊中展現出堅強韌性，廣大人民群眾勤勞付出、共克時艱，詮釋了百折不撓的民族精神，彰顯了人民是真正的英雄，這是我們戰勝一切困難挑戰的力量源泉。
Our work last year was truly challenging. Yet, local authorities and government departments across the country kept in mind the big picture and shouldered their responsibilities. Market entities, over one hundred million in number, responded to shocks with fortitude and resilience. Our people worked hard and fought adversity in close solidarity and with the unyielding spirit of the Chinese nation, thus proving themselves true heroes. This is the well of strength that enables us to rise to every challenge and overcome every difficulty.

各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,

過去一年取得的成績，是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導的結果，是習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想科學指引的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民團結奮斗的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝！
We owe our achievements last year to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to the concerted efforts of the Party, the armed forces, and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups. On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express sincere gratitude to all our people, and to all other political parties, people’s organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society. I express sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas. I also wish to express heartfelt thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends across the world who have shown understanding and support for us in China as we pursue modernization.

在肯定成績的同時，我們也清醒看到面臨的困難和挑戰。新冠肺炎疫情仍在全球蔓延，國際形勢中不穩定不確定因素增多，世界經濟形勢復雜嚴峻。國內疫情防控仍有薄弱環節，經濟恢復基礎尚不牢固，居民消費仍受制約，投資增長后勁不足，中小微企業和個體工商戶困難較多，穩就業壓力較大。關鍵領域創新能力不強。一些地方財政收支矛盾突出，防范化解金融等領域風險任務依然艱巨。生態環保任重道遠。民生領域還有不少短板。政府工作存在不足，形式主義、官僚主義不同程度存在，少數干部不擔當不作為不善為。一些領域腐敗問題仍有發生。我們一定要直面問題和挑戰，盡心竭力改進工作，決不辜負人民期待！
While recognizing our achievements, we are also keenly aware of the difficulties and challenges before us. As the coronavirus continues to spread around the world, instability and uncertainty are mounting on the international landscape, and the global economy continues to face grave challenges. Domestically, there are still weak links in our work to control Covid-19. The foundation for achieving our country’s economic recovery needs to be further consolidated, impediments to consumer spending remain, and investment growth lacks sustainability. Our MSMEs and self-employed individuals are still finding the going tough, and the pressure in maintaining stable employment is mounting. Our innovation capacity in key areas needs to be improved. Some local governments have serious budgetary deficits. In forestalling and defusing risks in the financial sector and other areas, we face formidable tasks. We still have a long way to go in protecting the environment. And many weaknesses in areas that are important to people’s basic needs wait to be addressed. There is also room for improvement in the work of the government. Both pointless formalities and bureaucratism persist to varying degrees. A small number of officials fail to fulfill their responsibilities and are unwilling or unable to
carry out their duties. Instances of corruption still occur in some sectors. We will face these problems and challenges squarely, make every effort to
make improvements, and do all we can to live up to our people’s expectations.

二、“十三五”時期發展成就和“十四五”時期主要目標任務
II. Achievements in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period and Major Targets and Tasks for the 14th Five-Year Plan Period

過去五年，我國經濟社會發展取得新的歷史性成就。經濟運行總體平穩，經濟結構持續優化，國內生產總值從不到70萬億元增加到超過100萬億元。創新型國家建設成果豐碩，在載人航天、探月工程、深海工程、超級計算、量子信息等領域取得一批重大科技成果。脫貧攻堅成果舉世矚目，5575萬農村貧困人口實現脫貧，960多萬建檔立卡貧困人口通過易地扶貧搬遷擺脫了“一方水土難養一方人”的困境，區域性整體貧困得到解決，完成了消除絕對貧困的艱巨任務。農業現代化穩步推進，糧食生產連年豐收。1億農業轉移人口和其他常住人口在城鎮落戶目標順利實現，城鎮棚戶區住房改造超過2100萬套。區域重大戰略扎實推進。污染防治力度加大，資源能源利用效率顯著提升，生態環境明顯改善。金融風險處置取得重要階段性成果。全面深化改革取得重大突破，供給側結構性改革持續推進，“放管服”改革不斷深入，營商環境持續改善。對外開放持續擴大，共建“一帶一路”成果豐碩。人民生活水平顯著提高，城鎮新增就業超過6000萬人，建成世界上規模最大的社會保障體系。全面建立實施困難殘疾人生活補貼和重度殘疾人護理補貼制度。教育、衛生、文化等領域發展取得新成就，教育公平和質量較大提升，醫療衛生事業加快發展，文化事業和文化產業繁榮發展。國防和軍隊建設水平大幅提升。國家安全全面加強，社會保持和諧穩定。經過五年持續奮斗，“十三五”規劃主要目標任務勝利完成，中華民族偉大復興向前邁出了新的一大步。
Over the past five years, China has scored historic new achievements in economic and social development. The economy performed stably overall, and its structure was continuously improved. GDP increased from less than 70 trillion yuan to over 100 trillion yuan. Much was accomplished toward making China a country of innovators, with major advances in manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, deep-sea engineering, supercomputing, quantum information, and other areas. China’s success in poverty alleviation has been recognized by the international community. Its entire rural poor population, 55.75 million in number, was lifted out of poverty, including more than 9.6 million registered poor people who were relocated from inhospitable areas; and regional poverty was successfully eradicated. The daunting task we set ourselves to eliminate absolute poverty has thus been successfully accomplished. Agricultural modernization was steadily advanced, and good harvests were recorded for five years running. The goal of granting urban residency to 100 million people from rural areas and other permanent residents without local household registration was met. More than 21 million housing units in run-down urban areas were rebuilt. Solid steps were taken to implement major regional development strategies. Pollution prevention and control efforts were intensified, resources and energy were used more efficiently, and there was a notable improvement in the environment. Important progress was made in addressing financial risks in this period. Major breakthroughs were achieved in deepening reform across the board. Supply-side structural reform was steadily advanced, as were reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services. Thanks to these efforts, the business environment kept improving. China continued to open its door wider to the world; the joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative yielded solid outcomes. The living standards of our people rose significantly. Over 60 million urban jobs were added, and the world’s largest social security system was established. The system for granting living allowances to people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies to people with serious disabilities was set up and implemented across the country. New achievements were made in education, healthcare, culture and other sectors. Education became much more equitable, and its quality was markedly improved. The healthcare sector registered accelerated development. The cultural sector flourished. Notable advances were made in the development of national defense and the armed forces. China’s national security was enhanced on all fronts, and social harmony and stability were maintained across the country. Thanks to our hard work in these five years, we accomplished the major goals and tasks of the 13th Five-Year Plan, and made a giant stride toward the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

“十四五”時期是開啟全面建設社會主義現代化國家新征程的第一個五年。我國發展仍然處于重要戰略機遇期，但機遇和挑戰都有新的發展變化。要準確把握新發展階段，深入貫徹新發展理念，加快構建新發展格局，推動高質量發展，為全面建設社會主義現代化國家開好局起好步。
The period covered by the 14th Five-Year Plan will be the first five years in
which we embark on a new journey to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects. China remains in an important period of strategic opportunity for development. Yet, there are changes in both the opportunities and challenges we face. We should have an accurate understanding of this new stage of development, fully apply the new development philosophy, and accelerate our efforts to create a new development pattern to promote high-quality development. By doing so, we will set the stage for building a modern socialist country in all respects.