99e热国产最新地址获取,成人一a毛片免费视频,一级a爱看片免费观看,最近最新中文字幕大全免费一

 
 
 

當前位置: Language Tips> 翻譯經驗

《民族區域自治制度在西藏的成功實踐》白皮書

中國網 2015-09-07 13:14

分享到

 

四、保障人民當家作主
IV. The People as Masters of the Country

人民當家作主,是中國民族區域自治制度的核心和根本。實行民族區域自治制度,為西藏各族人民實現當家作主,真正成為國家和社會的主人,提供了制度性保障。
That the people are masters of the country is the core and foundation of the system of regional ethnic autonomy. The implementation of this system provides an institutional guarantee for the people of all ethnic groups in Tibet to be masters of the country and of society in the real sense.

——西藏各族人民享有充分的選舉權與被選舉權
-- The people of all ethnic groups in Tibet have the full right to vote and stand for election.

中國憲法規定,凡年滿十八周歲的中華人民共和國公民,不分民族、種族、性別、職業、家庭出身、宗教信仰、教育程度、財產狀況、居住期限,都有選舉權和被選舉權;但是依照法律被剝奪政治權利的人除外。同時,中國民族區域自治法對各民族代表人數、自治區人大常委會主任、人民政府主席等都做了規定。在西藏,各民族人民依法直接選舉縣(區)、鄉鎮人民代表大會的代表,這些代表又選舉出席全國和自治區人民代表大會的代表。西藏人口較少的門巴族、珞巴族在全國人大及西藏各級人大中也均有自己的代表。 As stipulated in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, "All citizens of the People's Republic of China who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of ethnic status, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property status, or length of residence, other than persons deprived of political rights according to law." The Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional Ethnic Autonomy has provisions regarding the numbers of deputies from all ethnic groups to the people's congress of an autonomous region, the chairperson of the standing committee of the people's congress of an autonomous region, and chairperson of the people's government of an autonomous region. In Tibet, the people of all ethnic groups directly elect deputies to the people's congresses at the county (district), township and town levels in accordance with the law; these deputies elect the deputies to the National People's Congress (NPC) and the people's congress of the autonomous region. The Monba and the Lhoba ethnic groups who have a small share in Tibet's population also have deputies to the NPC and the people's congresses at all levels in Tibet.

2012年至2013年1月,在四級人大換屆選舉中,西藏全區有94%以上的選民分別參加了縣、鄉直接選舉。西藏現有各級人大代表34264名。其中,全國人大代表中藏族和其他少數民族代表占66.7%,自治區人大代表中藏族和其他少數民族代表占70.2%。自治區十屆人大常委會組成人員45名,其中藏族和其他少數民族24名,常委會主任、副主任14名,其中藏族和其他少數民族8名。西藏自治區成立至今,歷任自治區人大常委會主任和自治區人民政府主席均為藏族公民。
From 2012 to January 2013, 94 percent of the constituency of Tibet Autonomous Region participated in direct elections at the county and township levels, among the four levels of the people's congresses. Currently, Tibet has 34,264 deputies to the people's congresses at all levels. Among them, deputies from the Tibetan and other minority ethnic groups account for 66.7 percent and 70.2 percent respectively of all deputies from Tibet to the NPC and to the People's Congress of Tibet Autonomous Region. In the 10th Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Tibet Autonomous Region, 24 of the 45 members and eight of the 14 chairperson/vice-chairpersons are from the Tibetan and other minority ethnic groups. Since the founding of Tibet Autonomous Region, all the chairpersons of the standing committee of its people's congress and all the chairpersons of its people's government have been Tibetan citizens.

西藏各族人民充分享有自主管理本民族本地區事務的權利。按照中國憲法規定,西藏自治區的自治機關依法行使省級地方國家機關的職權,同時依法行使自治權。西藏自治區人民代表大會享有制定自治條例和單行條例的權力。自治區成立以來,自治區人民代表大會作為自治區最高權力機構,代表西藏人民依法行使了自主管理本民族本地區事務的權利,聽取審議自治區人民政府的工作報告,自治區人大常委會、高級人民法院、人民檢察院的工作報告,對上述國家機關的工作進行監督;制定重要地方性法規,對自治區經濟、社會發展中的重大事項作出決議決定;審查、批準自治區國民經濟和社會發展計劃、財政預決算;選舉產生自治區人大常委會組成人員,自治區主席、副主席,自治區高級人民法院院長、人民檢察院檢察長等。
The people of all ethnic groups in Tibet fully enjoy the right to manage their ethnic and regional affairs. According to the Chinese Constitution, the organs of self-government of Tibet Autonomous Region exercise the power and functions of provincial-level state organs as well as the power of autonomy in accordance with the law. The People's Congress of Tibet Autonomous Region has the power to enact regulations on the exercise of autonomy and other separate regulations. Since Tibet Autonomous Region was established, its people's congress, as the supreme authority in the region and on behalf of the people of Tibet, has exercised the power of autonomy in managing its ethnic and regional affairs: listen to and review the work reports of the people's government, the standing committee of the people's congress, the higher people's court, and the people's procuratorate of the autonomous region, and supervise the work of these local state organs; enact major local regulations, and make major resolutions and decisions on local social and economic development; review and approve economic and social development plans, financial budgets and final accounts; and elect the members of the standing committee of the people's congress, chairpersons and vice-chairpersons of the autonomous region, the president of the higher people's court, and the procurator-general of the people's procuratorate.

截至2015年7月,西藏自治區人大及其常委會制定、批準地方性法規和作出具有法規性質的決議、決定共300件,其中現行有效的地方性法規123件,具有法規性質的決議、決定148件,廢止29件,內容涉及政權建設、經濟發展、社會穩定、文化教育、語言文字、文物保護、生態環保等各個方面。政協西藏自治區委員會,每年對自治區人民政府的《政府工作報告》《國民經濟和社會發展計劃報告》《財政預算報告》和自治區“兩院”的工作報告進行協商討論,先后組織委員參與西藏地方性法規(草案)的協商討論,以全委會、常委會、主席會議、民主協商會議、專題座談會議、委員視察、調研、提案及舉辦“經濟發展論壇”等形式,為西藏自治區“八五”“九五”“十五”“十一五”“十二五”計劃、規劃的制定和實施提出意見和建議,代表西藏各界積極履行參政議政的職能。
By July 2015, the People's Congress of Tibet Autonomous Region and its Standing Committee had enacted and ratified 123 local regulations that are currently effective, made 148 resolutions and decisions that have the same legal standing as regulations, and 29 regulations, resolutions and decisions it ratified have been repealed. They total 300 in all, covering the building of political power, economic development, social stability, culture, education, language, protection of cultural relics, and environmental protection. Every year the Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference discusses the work report, the economic and social development plan, and the financial budget report of the People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, and the work report of the Higher People's Court and the People's Procuratorate of Tibet Autonomous Region; organizes its members to participate in the consultation and discussion of Tibet's local regulations (draft); voices opinions and offers suggestions on the formulation and implementation of the Eighth, Ninth, 10th, 11th, and 12th Five-year Plans of Tibet Autonomous Region at plenary meetings, standing committee meetings, chairman's meetings, consultative conferences, special symposiums, or through member inspections and investigations, making proposals and convening "economic development forums." In this way, it exercises the functions of participating in the deliberation and administration of state affairs on behalf of all circles in Tibet.

中國民族區域自治法規定,上級國家機關的決議、決定、命令和指示,如有不適合民族自治地方實際情況的,自治機關可以報經該上級國家機關批準,變通執行或停止執行。如在執行全國性法定節假日的基礎上,西藏自治機關還將“藏歷新年”“雪頓節”等藏民族的傳統節日列入自治區的節假日。根據西藏特殊的自然地理因素,西藏自治區將職工的周工作時間規定為35小時,比全國法定工作時間少5小時。1981年,西藏自治區人民代表大會常務委員會從西藏少數民族歷史婚俗等實際情況出發,通過了《西藏自治區施行〈中華人民共和國婚姻法〉的變通條例》,將《婚姻法》規定的男女法定婚齡分別降低兩歲,并規定對執行變通條例之前已經形成的一妻多夫和一夫多妻婚姻關系,凡不主動提出解除婚姻關系者,準予維持。結合西藏實際情況,自治區還先后制定實施了多項國家有關法律的變通條例和補充規定。其中包括《西藏自治區文物保護條例》《西藏自治區環境保護條例》《西藏自治區人民代表大會常務委員會關于嚴厲打擊“賠命金”違法犯罪行為的決定》等多部地方法規。
According to the Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, "If a resolution, decision, order or instruction of a state organ at a higher level does not suit the conditions in an ethnic autonomous area, the organ of self-government of the area may either implement it with certain alterations or cease implementing it after reporting to and receiving the approval of the state organ at a higher level." In addition to national holidays, for example, Tibet has also established other public holidays, mostly traditional Tibetan festivals such as the Tibetan New Year and Shoton Festival. Taking into consideration its special natural and geographical conditions, Tibet Autonomous Region applies 35 weekly working hours, five hours less than the national legal level. In 1981, after taking into consideration Tibet's history and folk customs, the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Tibet Autonomous Region promulgated the Alternative Regulations of Tibet Autonomous Region on the Implementation of the Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China, in which the legal age of marriage for both men and women was reduced by two years relative to the Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China, and polyandrous and polygynous relationships that had existed before the regulations took effect would be allowed to continue if no one involved proposed dissolution. In light of the actual conditions in Tibet, the autonomous region enacted and implemented multiple alternative regulations and supplementary provisions on state laws, including the Regulations of Tibet Autonomous Region on the Protection of Cultural Relics, the Regulations of Tibet Autonomous Region on Environmental Protection, and the Decision of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Tibet Autonomous Region on Cracking Down on the Crime of Life Compensation.

——少數民族干部隊伍不斷成長壯大
-- Minority ethnic group officials are improving their capability.

中國憲法規定,民族自治地方的人民代表大會常務委員會中應當有實行區域自治的民族的公民擔任主任或者副主任;自治區主席、自治州州長、自治縣縣長由實行區域自治的民族的公民擔任。為了保障西藏各民族特別是少數民族依照憲法規定,充分行使當家作主的權利,自治區歷來非常重視少數民族干部的培養和使用。1965年自治區成立初期,全區只有7600多名少數民族干部;到1976年少數民族干部已發展到1.68萬人;到1986年底,全區有3.1萬名少數民族干部;到1994年底,有4.4萬名少數民族干部;到2014年底,全區少數民族干部已有11萬多人,與自治區成立之初相比增長13倍多,占全區干部總量的70%以上。
As stipulated in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China,"Among the chairperson and vice-chairpersons of the standing committee of the people's congress of an ethnic autonomous area, there must be citizens of the ethnic group(s) exercising regional autonomy in the areas concerned; the heads of all autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties should be citizens of the ethnic group(s) exercising regional autonomy in the areas concerned." To ensure all ethnic groups, especially ethnic minorities in Tibet, fully exercise their rights as masters of the country, Tibet Autonomous Region always advocates the appointment and training of local officials from minority ethnic groups. In the early days after establishment of Tibet Autonomous Region in 1965, it had only 7,600 or more officials from minority ethnic groups; by 1976 the figure was 16,800; by the end of 1986 it was 31,000; by the end of 1994 it was 44,000; and by the end of 2014 it was more than 110,000, 13 times more than that of 1965, and accounting for 70 percent of the total number of officials in the autonomous region.

目前,西藏自治區省級領導干部中有33名少數民族干部,地廳級干部中有450多名少數民族干部,地(市)、縣(區)黨政正職大部分由少數民族干部擔任,鄉鎮(街道)黨政班子中少數民族干部占70%以上,全區各級黨政機關中都依法配備了少數民族領導干部。在自治區十屆人大代表、政協委員中,少數民族代表、委員均占到70%以上。此外,還有一批優秀少數民族干部直接參與管理國家事務,在西藏十二屆全國人大代表、全國政協委員中,藏族和其他少數民族均占80%以上。十世班禪、阿沛·阿旺晉美、帕巴拉·格列朗杰、熱地、向巴平措等先后擔任國家級領導職務。
Currently, Tibet Autonomous Region has 33 provincial-level officials from minority ethnic groups, and more than 450 departmental/bureau-level officials from minority ethnic groups; chief Party and government officials at the prefectural/municipal and county/district levels are mostly ethnic minorities; 70 percent or more of the officials in the Party and government leading groups at the township and town/sub-district levels are ethnic minorities; and the Party and government organs at all levels in the Region have ethnic minority leading officials in accordance with the law. Among both the deputies to the 10th People's Congress and members of the 10th People's Political Consultative Conference of Tibet Autonomous Region, ethnic minorities account for more than 70 percent. Moreover, a number of outstanding ethnic minority officials in Tibet directly participate in the administration of state affairs. Among the 12th NPC deputies and the 12th CPPCC National Committee members from Tibet, Tibetans and other ethnic minorities account for more than 80 percent. The 10th Panchen Erdeni, Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme, Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai, Raidi and Qiangba Puncog have all been high-ranking leaders at the state level.

——平等團結互助和諧的民族關系不斷鞏固和發展
-- Ethnic relationships featuring equality, unity, mutual support and harmony have been enhanced and developed.

沒有各民族間的平等團結,就沒有各民族人民的當家作主。實現民族平等團結,是中國共產黨民族理論和民族政策的基本出發點和落腳點。西藏自治區成立50年來,中央政府和自治區堅持實行民族平等團結互助和諧的政策,通過保障各族人民當家作主的權利、加強少數民族干部的培養使用、各民族自發的交往交流交融和全國支援西藏經濟社會發展等,形成了各民族在社會主義大家庭中和衷共濟、和睦相處、和諧發展的良好局面。
Without equality and unity among all ethnic groups, the people cannot be masters of the country. Achieving ethnic equality and unity is the starting point and ultimate goal of the CPC's ethnic philosophy and policy. Over the past 50 years since Tibet Autonomous Region was established, the central government and Tibet Autonomous Region have adhered to the policy of ethnic equality, unity, mutual support, and harmony. Through protecting the rights of all ethnic groups as masters of the country, improving the appointment and training of ethnic minority officials, promoting voluntary communication, exchanges and interaction among all ethnic groups, and enhancing support from other parts of the country for Tibet's social and economic development, China has created a favorable situation wherein all ethnic groups work together in harmony towards common development.

中央政府歷來高度重視西藏的發展,十分關心西藏各族人民的福祉,舉全國之力支援西藏,以優惠的政策和強大的人力、物力、財力支持,推動西藏的發展進步。從1952年到2014年,中央政府對西藏的各項財政補助達6480.8億元,占西藏地方公共財政支出的92.8%。1980年以來,中央先后六次召開西藏工作座談會,從中國社會主義現代化建設全局出發,對西藏的發展建設作出整體規劃。從1994年第三次西藏工作座談會開始,中央實施對口支援西藏的政策,安排60個中央國家機關、18個省市和17家中央企業對口支援西藏。20年來,先后有七批4496名優秀干部、1466名專業技術人才進藏工作,實施援藏項目7615個,投入援藏資金260億元,主要用于改善民生和基礎設施建設,為西藏經濟社會發展作出了重要貢獻。
The central government always attaches great importance to the development of Tibet, cares for the wellbeing of the people of all ethnic groups in Tibet, mobilizes resources from the whole country to assist Tibet, and promotes progress in Tibet through providing preferential policies and full support in personnel, materials, and funds. From 1952 to 2014, the central government provided Tibet with financial subsidies totaling 648.08 billion yuan, which accounted for 92.8 percent of Tibet's public financial expenditure. Since 1980, there have been six national symposiums on work in Tibet, formulating integrated blueprints for Tibet's development from the perspective of the country's overall drive towards modernization. Since the Third National Symposium on Work in Tibet in 1994, the central government has put into effect the policy of pairing-up support for Tibet, whereby 60 central state organs, 18 provinces or municipalities directly under the central government, and 17 centrally managed state-owned enterprises have paired up with various areas of Tibet in order to provide assistance to them. Over the last two decades, 4,496 outstanding officials and 1,466 professionals have been sent to work in Tibet in seven batches; 7,615 assistance projects have been carried out; and 26 billion yuan has been invested in Tibet, mainly directed at improving infrastructure and the quality of life. All of this assistance has made an enormous contribution to Tibet's social and economic development.

1990年,西藏自治區黨委、政府確定每年9月為“民族團結月”。2010年之前,自治區黨委、政府先后召開了五次民族團結進步表彰大會,受到表彰的先進集體和個人達1756名,涌現出像孔繁森、李素芝等一大批民族團結先進典型。從2012年起,自治區各級黨委、政府堅持每年召開一次民族團結進步模范表彰大會,共表彰模范集體2089個、模范個人3224名。2013年,拉薩市成為創建“全國民族團結進步示范州(地區、市、盟)”試點。近年來,西藏軍區軍史館、江孜宗山抗英遺址、自治區博物館、西藏民族學院、拉薩海關先后被國家民委命名為“全國民族團結進步教育基地”。“漢族離不開少數民族、少數民族離不開漢族、各少數民族也相互離不開”的思想深入人心,“團結穩定是福、分裂動亂是禍”成為全社會的廣泛共識。
In 1990, the Party Committee and the government of Tibet Autonomous Region designated September as Ethnic Unity Month. Before 2010, the Party Committee and the government of the autonomous region had held five ethnic unity and progress award ceremonies that commended 1,756 outstanding units and individuals, including Kong Fansen and Li Suzhi. Since 2012, the Party committees and governments at all levels in Tibet have held annual ethnic unity and progress award ceremonies, and commended 2,089 units and 3,224 individuals. In 2013, Lhasa was selected as the pilot city for National Demonstration Prefecture (City/League) for Ethnic Unity and Progress. In recent years, the History Museum of the Tibet Military Command, Dzong Fortress in Gyantse where the Tibetans had fought British invaders, the Museum of Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet Minzu University, and Lhasa Customs have been designated by the State Ethnic Affairs Commission as Education Bases for National Ethnic Unity and Progress. The thought that "the Han ethnic group cannot develop without minority ethnic groups, and vice versa, while all minority ethnic groups cannot develop separately" has taken root in people's minds. The public have reached the consensus that "unity and stability are a blessing while secession and riots are a scourge."

 

分享到

中國日報網英語點津版權說明:凡注明來源為“中國日報網英語點津:XXX(署名)”的原創作品,除與中國日報網簽署英語點津內容授權協議的網站外,其他任何網站或單位未經允許不得非法盜鏈、轉載和使用,違者必究。如需使用,請與010-84883561聯系;凡本網注明“來源:XXX(非英語點津)”的作品,均轉載自其它媒體,目的在于傳播更多信息,其他媒體如需轉載,請與稿件來源方聯系,如產生任何問題與本網無關;本網所發布的歌曲、電影片段,版權歸原作者所有,僅供學習與研究,如果侵權,請提供版權證明,以便盡快刪除。

中國日報網雙語新聞

掃描左側二維碼

添加Chinadaily_Mobile
你想看的我們這兒都有!

中國日報雙語手機報

點擊左側圖標查看訂閱方式

中國首份雙語手機報
學英語看資訊一個都不能少!

關注和訂閱

本文相關閱讀
人氣排行
熱搜詞
 
 
精華欄目
 

閱讀

詞匯

視聽

翻譯

口語

合作

 

關于我們 | 聯系方式 | 招聘信息

Copyright by chinadaily.com.cn. All rights reserved. None of this material may be used for any commercial or public use. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. 版權聲明:本網站所刊登的中國日報網英語點津內容,版權屬中國日報網所有,未經協議授權,禁止下載使用。 歡迎愿意與本網站合作的單位或個人與我們聯系。

電話:8610-84883645

傳真:8610-84883500

Email: languagetips@chinadaily.com.cn